A SWOT Analysis of the Food Security System in India

In this paper, we are showing that famines and mass hunger deaths were no longer a problem in independent India. This was owing to an increase in agricultural productivity as a result of the focus placed on agriculture, particularly cereal production, since the first Five Year Plan. We currently produce 105 million tonnes of rice and 94 million tonnes of wheat each year, which is sufficient to meet the needs of our enormous population while also successfully regulating the country's Public Distribution System. Food grains are distributed at subsidised rates to various strata of society under the PDS

Effect of different levels of citric acid on quality and storage stability of sugar and jaggery based papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit bar

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different level of citric acid and packaging material on physico chemical quality, sensory quality and shelf life of developed papaya fruit bar .The study revealed that the moisture content (19.06% to 16.95% in PET jars – 19.06% to 17.06% in glass jars), TSS (64.17 to 69.30°Brix in PETjars and 64.17 to 69.46°Brix in glass jars), Vitamin- C (55.30 to 45.80 mg/100mg in PET jars and 55.30 to 46.75 mg/100mg in glass jars) and total plate count decreased with increasing the level of citric acid from 0.5 to 1.0% after 90 days of storage in. During storage there was a reduction in moisture content, pH and vitamin-C, where as TSS (total soluble solids), optical density and total plate count increased during storage. No microbial detection in developed fresh fruit bar was found. The organoleptic score of the bar samples in glass jars at 0.75% citric acid level was found to be higher followed by samples packed in PET jars and the developed fruit bar was well acceptable even after 90 days of storage. The result indicated that sugar50+jaggery50 at 0.75 percent citric acid level gave better products after 90 days of storage followed by sugar50+jaggery50 at 0.5 percent and sugar50+jaggery50 at 1.0 percent

Shadow of operators on frames

Aldroubi introduced two methods for generating frames of a Hilbert space H. In one of his method, one approach is to construct frames for H which are images of a given frame for H under T ∈ B (H, H), a collection of all bounded linear operator on H. The other method uses bounded linear operator on ` 2 to generate frames of H. In this paper, we discuss construction of the retro Banach frames in Hilbert spaces which are images of given frames under bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces. It is proved that the compact operators generated by a certain type of a retro Banach frame can construct a retro Banach frame for the underlying space. Finally, we discuss a linear block associated with a Schauder frame in Banach spaces.Publisher's Versio

A rare case of delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with gastric volvulus

A Bochdalek hernia is a posterior congenital defect of the diaphragm, usually on the left hemidiaphragm, caused by a lack of closure of the pleuroperitoneal canal between the eighth and tenth week of fetal life during the embryonic development. It typically presents in the neonatal period with severe respiratory failure. Here we present a 28 year old man with history of episodes of severe dyspnea, pain in epigastric region who arrived to the emergency room, having tachypnoea with oxygen saturation 80% on room air. During his medical work-up we incidentally found gastric volvulus with diaphragmatic hernia. It was managed with reduction of the herniated and rotated stomach and spleen back to the peritoneal cavity and closed the defect by open approach. This type of hernia is uncommon in adults. In this age group, there are two different clinical presentations: asymptomatic patients who are diagnosed incidentally when abdominal organs are found in the thorax in a chest X-ray, and symptomatic patients due to side effects of incarceration, strangulation, hemorrhage and visceral perforation in the chest cavity

Dark Energy Nature in Logarithmic f(R,T)f(R,T) Cosmology

The present research paper is an investigation of dark energy nature of logarithmic $f(R, T)$-gravity cosmology in a flat FLRW space-time universe. We have derived modified Einstein's field equations for the function $f(R, T)=R-16\pi G\alpha\ln(T)$ where $R$ is the Ricci scalar curvature, $T$ is the trace of the stress energy momentum tensor and $\alpha$ is a model parameter. We have solved field equations in the form of two fluid scenario as perfect-fluid and dark-fluid, where dark fluid term is derived in the form of perfect fluid source. We have made an observational constraints on the cosmological parameters $\Omega_{(m)}, \omega^{(de)}$ and $H_{0}$ using $\chi^{2}$ test with observational datasets like Pantheon sample of SNe Ia and $H(z)$. With these constraints we have discussed our model with deceleration parameter $q$, energy parameters $\Omega_{(m)}, \Omega_{(de)}$, EoS parameter $\omega^{(de)}$ etc. Also, we have done Om diagnostic analysis. The derived $f(R, T)$ model shows a quintessence dark energy model $\omega^{(de)}>-1$ and late-time universe approaches to $\Lambda$CDM model.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel isatinincorporated thiadiazole hybrids as potential anti-breast cancer agents

Purpose: To synthesis and characterize some novel isatin-incorporated thiadiazoles and screen them for anti-breast cancer activity in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7).Method: A series of isatin incorporated Schiff bases of thiadiazoles (3a-3l) was synthesized by reaction of substituted thiadiazoles (1a-1d) with isatin (2a) and N-alkyl substituted isatin (2b-2c) and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LCMS. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in-vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) methods.Results: Compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3g and 3j showed anticancer activity in both MTT and SRB assay. Compound 3-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)-1-ethylindolin-2-one (3g) showed most potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines.Conclusion: The novel isatin incorporated thiadiazoles synthesized and characterized in this study possess anti-cancer activities in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). This can possibly lead to emergence of new anti-breast cancer agents.Keywords: Thiadiazoles, Isatin, In-vitro cytotoxicity, Human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7), SRB assa

Land Use/Land Cover Change and Environmental Impact Analysis of Ramgarh-Naudiha Region in Uttar Pradesh, India through Geospatial Technology

Rapidly changing LULC scenario with growing population is of great concern in the modern world. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in LULC pattern in Ramgarh-Naudiha region of Sonbhadra district, UP, over 20 years during 1998-2018 using datasets from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 5 and Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) satellites. LULC map for the chosen period has been generated by unsupervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm. Results indicate that the study area is vulnerable to such LULC changes due to its sensitive geographic location. It is found that the major changes did happen in agriculture, forest, wasteland and water bodies. Agriculture and Forest areas have decreased by similar to 2 and 6.56% respectively in the study period. The wastelands had increased fast from 5.08% in 1998 to 18.87% in 2018 at the cost of the forest cover and agricultural land respectively. In 1998, water bodies were 7.49%, whereas, it has decreased to 2.04% in 2018. On the contrary, urban fringe area has grown from 0.33% in 1998 to 0.49% in 2018 especially due to population growth. The present study concludes that this LULC analysis will increase awareness and help in taking necessary action in appropriate land use planning and management

Response surface and artificial neural network simulation for process design to produce L-lysine by Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIM 2168

269-279The L-lysine is one of the most important essential amino acid used in food and pharmaceutical industries. The present investigation was conducted to optimize the L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum (NCIM 2168). The production parameters such as the temperature, pH and glucose concentration (g/l) were optimised and evaluated by simulation method to develop a suitable model. The experimental design was done using central composite design (CCD). Total 20 set of experiments were performed according to the CCD. The factors and their responses were analysed by using the statistical tools: response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) linked with genetic algorithm (GA). The predicted optimum production of L-lysine was 19.003 g/l and 28.363 g/l by CCD-RSM and ANN-GA respectively. During validation by GA under optimized conditions, the L-lysine production was found to be 27.25 ± 1.15 g/l, which was significantly high than that obtained using CCD-RSM optimization method. The ANN coupled with GA was found to be a powerful tool for optimizing production parameters with high level of accuracy. This technique may be used for other fermentation products to optimize the important process parameters before scaling up the process to industrial level

Pattern of anti-diabetic drugs prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital of India: an observational study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Evaluation of anti-diabetic drug use pattern guides the healthcare professionals to identify early signals of irrational prescribing and to plan interventions to optimize the benefits of pharmacotherapy.Methods: Observational descriptive study was conducted on 500 prescriptions of T2DM patients collected from Outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Prescriptions were analysed for type, number, generic/brand names, fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of anti-diabetic drugs and anti-diabetic drugs prescribed from within National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2015.Results: Average number of anti-diabetic drugs per prescription was 2.5. Of these 49% were from within NLEM and only 39% were prescribed by their generic names. Among all the anti-diabetic groups of drugs used, biguanide (32.85%) was the most frequently prescribed followed by insulins (25.4%) and DPP-4 inhibitors (13.75%). Combined drug therapy was more prevalent than monotherapy (70% versus 30%). Metformin+sitagliptin and metformin+linagliptin were most commonly prescribed fixed dose combinations.Conclusions: Recent trend of anti-diabetic drug use included newer anti-diabetic drugs in combination with metformin to achieve better euglycemia and to minimize complications of T2DM

Physico-chemical properties based differential toxicity of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide in human lung cells mediated through oxidative stress

Goraphene derivatives (GD) are currently being evaluated for technological and biomedical applications owing to their unique physico-chemical properties over other carbon allotrope such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). But, the possible association of their properties with underlying in vitro effects have not fully examined. Here, we assessed the comparative interaction of three GD - graphene oxide (GO), thermally reduced GO (TRGO) and chemically reduced GO (CRGO), which significantly differ in their lateral size and functional groups density, with phenotypically different human lung cells; bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and alveolar epithelial cells (A549). The cellular studies demonstrate that GD significantly ineternalize and induce oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity in both cells. The toxicity intensity was in line with the reduced lateral size and increased functional groups revealed more toxicity potential of TRGO and GO respectively. Further, A549 cells showed more susceptibility than BEAS-2B which reflected cell type dependent differential cellular response. Molecular studies revealed that GD induced differential cell death mechanism which was efficiently prevented by their respective inhibitors. This is prior study to the best of our knowledge involving TRGO for its safety evaluation which provided invaluable information and new opportunities for GD based biomedical applications