The location of high order services in Istanbul

The interurban location of high-order service activities was investigated by researchers during the 1980s. But a few studies have concentrated on the intra-metropolitan location of high-order service activities. Most studies have recently focuced on the decline of the central business district (CBD) and rise of suburban areas. These studies have shown that the CBD may be losing its economic and locational importance as a result of the impact of advanced communication technology. The objective of the research summarized in this paper is to evaluate the intra-metropolitan locational behavior of high-order services (finance, insurance, real estate, investment and holding companies) in the Istanbul metropolitan area. The method of factor analysis is utilized to define factors which are important in determining office location patterns. Key words: High-order service, decentralisation, location

Istanbul Office Market: Determining tenants satisfaction with their office and environmental quality

Prof. Dr. Lale BERKÃâZ ITU, Faculty of Architecture Department of Urban and Regional Planning Taksim, Taşkışla, 34437, İstanbul e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Merve SAKAR Business Development Assistant Specialist Yapı Kredi Koray GYO A.Ş. Şişli, Elit Residence, No: 17, K: 17, D: 42, 34360, İstanbul e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The effects of the social and spatial transformation caused by globalization can also be seen within the Istanbul metropolitan area. The growth of the service sector in Istanbul since the 1980s may be attributed to the expansion of foreign multinational corporations, transnational banks, growth in international relations, extension of foreign trade and enlargement of business size. Within this process, a need for qualified and user friendly office areas came into existence. This study will investigate the satisfaction and expectations of office tenants in Istanbul office market. The data collected in this study were obtained through a survey of 330 office tenants in Istanbul. The survey was conducted by internet interviews during April 2010 (Sakar, 2010). The results of collected data were compared with the study, What Office Tenants Want, that prepared by ULI/BOMA in 1999. The results of this research have particular policy and planning implications for Istanbul and may stimulate the creation of real estate development in developing user-satisfying and well-equipped office buildings for the city center that respond to the desires and needs of FİRE firms with respect to location and mechanical infrastructure necessitated by the new telecommunications systems.

A SPATIAL MODEL OF CHANGE OF FDI FIRM POPULATION IN ISTANBUL

Within the context of the foreign capital- orientation programme having been implemented since 1980, the regulation concerning the foreign investments in Turkey were freed and this has paved the way for important developments in terms of the entrance of foreign capital into the country and foreign investments. As a result of this, there was a dramatic increase in number of foreign investment firms in Turkey and, especially, Istanbul. The increase in foreign investments had major impacts on the spatial transformation of Istanbul Metropolitan Area. In this paper, change in FDI firm population in Istanbul has been viewed between 1990- 2004. An explanatory model has been applied to determine causes factors affecting change at the district level. Foreign firms were generally in parallel with the development of CBD ( the central business district) of Istanbul and Foreign Capital firms in Istanbul appear to demonstrate a trend towards accumulating in CBD.

Modelling the Intra-Metropolitan Location of Foreign Investment Firms in Istanbul

In the context of economic globalization, there has been considerable academic interest on the understanding of location behavior of FDI firms. Generally while studies on FDI firm location focus mainly at the national and regional levels, those of the intra-urban level are limited, especially for developing countries. This article investigates how FDI firms are distributed at the intra-urban level and how intra-urban FDI firms location can explain using Istanbul as a case study. The study is based on a sample of 100 companies that were surveyed in in Istanbul in 2003. Locational determinants of foreign investment firms in Istanbul have been analyzed by using factor analyzing and logit regression model. Keywords: Foreign direct investment, Istanbul, determinants, zones

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF FDI LOCATIONS IN TURKEY

Turkey adopted neo-liberal policies in order to increase economic integration into international relation after 1980. As a result of these policies, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows increased greatly. In 1980 there were 78 FDI firms in Turkey whereas the number increased by 9749 at the end of 2004. Turkey has become a hub of vast hinterland that extends from Balkans to Caucasus and represented a prime focus for foreign investment. For this reason, it is very important to know the characteristics and spatial distribution of FDI firms in Turkey. This study analyzes the spatial distribution of FDI (foreign direct investment) firms among the provinces in Turkey from 1990 to 2004. A model is developed to test the agglomeration economies as a demand, urbanization economies, market size, employment structure, government incentivies, information cost, locational wealth and infrastructure. The results support that agglomeration economies resulting from the concentration of manufacturing activities and density in the provinces; information cost and market size are stronger locational determinants in Turkey.

DETERMINATION OF LOCATION-SPECIFIC FACTORS AT THE INTRA-METROPOLITAN LEVEL: ISTANBUL CASE

In the context of economic globalisation, there has been considerable academic interest in understanding the choice of location of foreign direct investment (FDI) firms. Generally, studies on the location of FDI firms focus on national and regional levels. There are only a limited number of studies at the intra-urban level, especially for developing countries. This paper investigates where the industrial and service FDI firms are distributed within Istanbul, and how location-specific factors affect their decisions. This study is based on a sample of 100 companies surveyed in Istanbul at the end of 2002. The locational determinants of FDI firms in Istanbul have been analysed using factor analysis and logistic regression techniques. It was found that location-specific advantages influence the location of service and industrial FDI firms (between the central and suburban districts) in the Istanbul metropolitan area. The service and industrial FDI firms in Istanbul also chose different locations. Copyright (c) 2008 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.

Mass Housing: User Satisfaction in Housing and its Environment in Istanbul, Turkey

Individuals' views of residential areas and the physical and social features of the environment are influenced by their individual characteristics, life quality and other requirements. Research on user satisfaction in housing and environment has become a dynamic and complex field of study. In this study, in order to assess the factors that improve satisfaction with housing and environmental quality, both the concepts of housing and its environment, and the subject of housing and environmental quality satisfaction have been investigated. Linear regression analyses have been made to assess whether there are any distinctions between the factors generally influential in satisfaction with a residential area according to demographic and socio-economic structures of users, and to determine the distinctions, if any, between the factors that affect satisfaction and values. Taking into consideration all of the characteristics that determine housing and environmental quality satisfaction as a result of these analyses, new insights into this subject have been gained by identifying these factor groups as the determinants of user satisfaction in housing and environmental quality. At the end of the regression analyses applied to these factor groups, it has been ascertained that the factors increasing levels of satisfaction vary according to the demographic and socio-economic structural differences of the users. The findings of this study bear similarity with the findings of previous studies made on this subject.Housing environment, housing satisfaction, housing and environmental quality,