Aquatermolisys of heavy crude oil in the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles

The effect of suspended nanoparticles of magnetite and hematite on thermal decomposition of heavy oil at a temperature of 360 ° C in a vapor medium at different pressures in the system was explained. The preferential destruction reactions were established concerning macromolecular components of the oil, which reduces its viscosity. The effect of zinc and aluminum oxides was shown as the additives initiating cracking of hydrocarbon bonds. The principles of change in the component composition of the conversion products were revealed as compared to the original crude oil. Conduction of the process in the presence of additives at a pressure of 11 MPa, thereby reducing the aromaticity of the final products to increase the yield of hydrocarbon oils, the formation of gaseous products. It is noticed, that reduce asphalt-resinous substances as a result of the conversion in the presence of additives. Built rheological curves of conversion products; their example shows the features of change viscosity-temperature characteristics

Influence of the Structure of Heavy Oil Disperse System on its Rheological Properties Under Steam-Heat Treatment Conditions

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The distinctive features of the structure and composition of hydrocarbon disperse systems in various types of heavy oils after steam-heat treatment, including use of low-boiling hydrocarbons, are determined. Methodological approaches are developed to determine the stability of heavy hydrocarbon resources as a function of composition and structure of the hydrocarbon disperse systems. Based on theoretical concepts of oil disperse systems, the composition of the latter is characterized quantitatively. A notable feature of low-viscosity oils is greater affinity of the components of the solvate shell and the dispersion medium. As a result, the dispersion medium participates in cross-linking of the oil disperse system significantly, which leads to a decrease in the dispersivity of the system and in its viscosity

Steam-Air conversion of heavy oil in the presence of nanosized metal oxide particles

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York.The effect of suspended nanosized magnetite and hematite particles on the thermal degradation of heavy oil at 360°C in a steamair atmosphere was studied at various pressures. The highmolecularweight components of the oil were found to undergo degradation, leading to reduced oil viscosity. The effect of aluminum and zinc oxides used as additives to initiate hydrocarbon bond dissociation on this process was also investigated. The mechanisms for how change in composition components alters the conversion products relative to the initial oil were studied. Carrying out the process in the presence of additives at 11 MPa leads to reduced yield of aromatic end products with increased yield of oil hydrocarbons and the formation of gaseous products. Asphalticresin materials are also found to be reduced due to conversion in the presence of the additives. Rheological curves were determined for the conversion products and were used to show the change in the viscositytemperature characteristics

Features of the n-alkanes crystalline phase content in paraffin oil components and their deposits

High-molecular n-alkanes within high paraffin oils of remaining hard-to-recover reseives are studied. Oil paraffin hydrocarbons redistribution between oils and their heavy deposits in the downhole equipment is presented. The presence of n-alkanes in the oils asphaltenes and their deposits is shown. Asphaltenes, extracted from the oils and their asphaltene deposits, were investigated by high-temperature gas chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry, with the help of which it was succeeded to find the presence of high n-alkanes C40-C59 and higher ones in their composition judging by the crystallization temperature detected in the crystalline phase. The highest molecular weight n-alkanes, whose molecular mass distribution peak falls on C54-C58, were found In asphaltenes of oils with low paraffin wax content. The data on the crystalline phase content in oils, heavy oil deposits, asphaltenes samples, isolated from oils and heavy oil deposits, as well as on the crystallization temperature are presented. High-molecular oil paraffin hydrocarbons can serve as crystallization centers of the complex structural units in oil dispersion system and flocculate at the system unbalance at achieving the critical concentration. Paraffin hydrocarbons, containing in the asphaltenes, are able to migrate and accumulate within the oil heavy deposits under certain thermodynamic conditions, as evidenced by the different compositions of n-alkanes in the oil asphaltenes and in their deposits. Different kind of the heat capacity temperature dependences is stated for oils, the presence of paraffin wax crystal phase is revealed. Comparative analysis of differential scanning calorimetry data of samples indicates contradictory dependence of the crystallization temperature and crystalline phase content on the molecular mass distribution of n-alkanes, containing in their composition, and correlates with the molecular mass distribution of solid n-alkanes in the asphaltenes, that determines the differences in the structural organization of the dispersed phase in heavy oil deposits

Family problems as a factor of deviant behavior of the child

This article discusses the issues related to the deviant behavior of a teenager as a result of upbringing in a dysfunctional family. The diagnosis of the tendency to deviant behavior and child-parent relations is carried out, the results are presentedВ данной статье рассмотрены вопросы, касающиеся девиантного поведения подростка, как результат воспитания в неблагополучной семье. Проведена диагностика склонности к девиантному поведению и детско-родительских отношений, представлены результат

Low-Temperature Oxidation of Heavy Oil in Carbonate Medium Using Cobalt (III) Acetylacetonate as Catalyst

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The results of laboratory experiments on modeling of heavy oil oxidation processes in an air-oxygen environment using cobalt (III) acetylacetonate as catalyst at temperatures and pressures typical of thermal production methods are presented. It is established that the high-molecular components of the heavy oil are degraded in the air-oxygen environment at temperatures above 250°C in the presence of the catalyst with formation of low-boiling hydrocarbon fractions and oxygen-bearing compounds, and this reduces the density and viscosity of the transformed oil. In addition, the products obtained in the experiments show an increased asphaltene content and the presence of finely disperse carbonaceous substances, indicating the occurrence not only of cracking, but also of condensation processes. The experimental data indicate the main directions of the reactions and transformations of heavy oil hydrocarbon components in the studied systems, which provides the possibility of using cobalt acetylacetonate as a catalyst in the in-situ low-temperature oxidation of heavy oil in carbonate reservoirs

Influence copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate on the physicochemical properties of Bitumen

The results of experiments are presented concerning the modification of road bitumen by ethylene copolymer with vinyl acetate (EVA). This polymeric additive make a strong structure-forming influence on bitumen. At that the penetration value changes most rapidly at 25 °C. The higher the concentration of copolymer and the content of the ester groups in it, the less the penetration depth of the binder needle. The introduction of excess amount of copolymers with vinyl acetate groups develops a spatial structure conjugated with asphaltene associates, and providing the stability of all bitumen heterogeneous system. The reduction of elongation and brittleness temperature is revealed at the introduction of low molecular EVA, which allows to obtain the binders with improved low temperature properties. The most intensive change of properties is achieved by the introduction of EVA into bitumen with the molecular weight of 25,000, which is manifested in softening temperature increase with brittleness temperature reduction, and the extension of plasticity range by 8-20 °C. At the same time the introduction of granulated EVA into bitumen with high molecular weight leads to a significant increase of softening and brittleness temperature and ductility interval decrease. The study results showed that the bituminous compositions modified by EVA with a high content of vinyl acetate groups are somewhat inferior to the softening temperature and the extensibility of the compositions, modified by EVA with a low content of ester groups, because of the greater initial plasticity of the copolymer in the second case

Steam – Air Conversion of Heavy Oil in the Presence of Nanosized Metal Oxide Particles

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New YorkThe effect of suspended nanosized magnetite and hematite particles on the thermal degradation of heavy oil at 360°C in a steamair atmosphere was studied at various pressures. The highmolecularweight components of the oil were found to undergo degradation, leading to reduced oil viscosity. The effect of aluminum and zinc oxides used as additives to initiate hydrocarbon bond dissociation on this process was also investigated. The mechanisms for how change in composition components alters the conversion products relative to the initial oil were studied. Carrying out the process in the presence of additives at 11 MPa leads to reduced yield of aromatic end products with increased yield of oil hydrocarbons and the formation of gaseous products. Asphalticresin materials are also found to be reduced due to conversion in the presence of the additives. Rheological curves were determined for the conversion products and were used to show the change in the viscositytemperature characteristics

Aquathermolysis of heavy oil using nano oxides of metals

© 2017 Elsevier B.V.The effect of suspended nanoparticles of magnetite and hematite on thermal decomposition of heavy oil at a temperature of 360 °C in a vapor medium at different system pressures is revealed. The preferential destruction reactions of macromolecular components of oil, which lead to the reduction of oil viscosity, are established. The effect of zinc and aluminum oxides as additives initiating cracking of hydrocarbon bonds is studied. The changes in structure of the component of the converted products, as compared to the original crude oil, are obtained. Conducting the process in the presence of additives at a pressure of 11 MPa led to the reduction of the aromaticity of the final products, increase in the yield of hydrocarbon oils and the formation of gaseous products. It is observed that the amount of asphalt-resinous substances is reduced as the result of their conversion in the presence of additives. Rheological curves of conversion products are obtained, based on them the peculiarities of viscosity-temperature characteristics change can be shown

Reforming of extra viscous oil in the presence of mineral additives of carbonate rock

© Copyright 2016.Conversion of superviscous oil in the presence of mineral additives of carbonate rock. In the presence of carbonaceous additive at a temperature of 360 ° C, degree of aromaticity of the transformed oil increases, sulfur content slightly reduced. In thermobaric conditions of the experiments, the branched structures are actively involved in the process of destruction, formed n- Alkanes contained mainly in the diesel fraction, also reduced output of gasoline fractions. In the samples of transformed oil increased content of nitrogen and carbon, reduced sulfur content