CCL13 and human diseases

CCL13/MCP-4 belongs to the CC chemokine family, which induces chemotaxis in many immune cells. Despite extensive research into its function in numerous disorders, a thorough analysis of CCL13 is not yet accessible. The role of CCL13 in human disorders and existing CCL13-focused therapies are outlined in this study. The function of CCL13 in rheumatic diseases, skin conditions, and cancer is comparatively well-established, and some studies also suggest that it may be involved in ocular disorders, orthopedic conditions, nasal polyps, and obesity. We also give an overview of research that found very little evidence of CCL13 in HIV, nephritis, and multiple sclerosis. Even though CCL13-mediated inflammation is frequently linked to disease pathogenesis, it’s fascinating to note that in some conditions, like primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and suicide, it might even act as a preventative measure

Molecular understanding of wood formation in trees

Trees convert and store the majority of their photosynthetic products in wood which is an essential renewable resource much in demand by human society. Formation of wood follows a process of consecutive cell developmental stages, from vascular cambium proliferation, cell expansion and differentiation, secondary cell wall deposition to programmed cell death, which is controlled by the functionality of complex molecular networks. What are the molecular networks involved in wood formation? How do the molecular networks act in a way to generate wood tissue during tree growth? What are the regulatory modules that lead to the formation of various wood characteristics? The answers to these questions are fundamental to understanding how trees grow, as well as how we can genetically engineer trees with desired properties of wood for human needs. In recent years, a great deal of interest has been invested in the elucidation of wood formation at the molecular level. This review summarizes the current state of understanding of the molecular process that guides wood formation in trees

Research Developments and Prospects on Microseismic Source Location in Mines

Microseismic source location is the essential factor in microseismic monitoring technology, and its location precision has a large impact on the performance of the technique. Here, we discuss the problem of low-precision location identification for microseismic events in a mine, as may be obtained using conventional location methods that are based on arrival time. In this paper, microseismic location characteristics in mining are analyzed according to the characteristics of the mine’s microseismic wavefield. We review research progress in mine-related microseismic source location methods in recent years, including the combination of the Geiger method with the linear method, combined microseismic event location method, optimization of relative location method, location method without pre-measured velocity, and location method without arrival time picking. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, along with their feasible conditions. The influences of geophone distribution, first arrival time picking, and the velocity model on microseismic source location are analyzed, and measures are proposed to influence these factors. Approaches to solve the problem under study include adopting information fusion, combining and optimizing existing methods, and creating new methods to realize high-precision microseismic source location. Optimization of the velocity structure, along with applications of the time-reversal imaging technique, passive time-reversal mirror, and relative interferometric imaging, are expected to greatly improve microseismic location precision in mines. This paper also discusses the potential application of information fusion and deep learning methods in microseismic source location in mines. These new and innovative location methods for microseismic source location have extensive prospects for development. Keywords: Microseismic source location, Influencing factors, Time-reversal imaging, Research progress, Prospects for developmen

Effect of Gradient Heat Conduction on Secondary Recrystallization of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel

The grain-oriented silicon steels were subjected to gradient heat conduction during high-temperature annealing by using thermal insulation cotton. The macrostructures of samples subjected to circumferential gradient heat conduction showed a “petal-like” morphology with peripheral columnar grains and central equiaxed grains, while samples subjected to transverse gradient heat conduction showed a morphology with approximately 50% columnar grains and 50% equiaxed grains. The grain orientations, magnetic domains as well as magnetic properties in different regions were detected. Results showed that the magnetic induction intensity of cylindrical grains was better than that of equiaxed grains while the iron loss was worse, which indicated that a fast heating rate during high-temperature annealing was conducive to the accuracy of Goss grains. The magnetic domains in columnar grains were wider than the equiaxed grains, which resulted in poorer iron loss. A theory of the competitive growth among secondary Goss grains was proposed. Under the condition of gradient heat conduction, once the Goss grains with the fastest heat conduction grew up abnormally, they would compete with other Goss grains which were supposed to survive in traditional processes and swallow up them until adjacent to the secondary equiaxed grains which were later developed

Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/cellulose fibers composites with modified tannic as a compatibilizer

A novel compatibilizer tannic grafted poly(12-hydroxy stearate) (TA-g-PHS) was synthesized using tannic and 12-hydroxystearic acid as raw materials through the esterification reaction. The compatibilizer was used to improve the compatibility between polypropylene (PP) and microcrystalline cellulose fibers (MCF). The impact strength and tensile strength of MCF/PP composites modified with the TA-g-PHS were 38.51 kJ/m(2) and 30.45 MPa when the content loading of TA-g-PHS is 3 wt% and MCF is 10 wt%, which were improved by 40.5% and 76.9%, respectively, compared to the MCF/PP composites alone. The melt flow rate improved with the addition of TA-g-PHS. And the thermal properties have slightly improved. Moreover, the SEM images of the fracture surfaces display that MCF is relatively well dispersed in the PP matrix by adding TA-g-PHS. It can be inferred that the PP and MCF matrix interfacial bonding was strengthened. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2036-2045, 2018. (c) 2016 Society of Plastics Engineer

Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/cellulose fibers composites with modified tannic as a compatibilizer

A novel compatibilizer tannic grafted poly(12-hydroxy stearate) (TA-g-PHS) was synthesized using tannic and 12-hydroxystearic acid as raw materials through the esterification reaction. The compatibilizer was used to improve the compatibility between polypropylene (PP) and microcrystalline cellulose fibers (MCF). The impact strength and tensile strength of MCF/PP composites modified with the TA-g-PHS were 38.51 kJ/m(2) and 30.45 MPa when the content loading of TA-g-PHS is 3 wt% and MCF is 10 wt%, which were improved by 40.5% and 76.9%, respectively, compared to the MCF/PP composites alone. The melt flow rate improved with the addition of TA-g-PHS. And the thermal properties have slightly improved. Moreover, the SEM images of the fracture surfaces display that MCF is relatively well dispersed in the PP matrix by adding TA-g-PHS. It can be inferred that the PP and MCF matrix interfacial bonding was strengthened. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2036-2045, 2018. (c) 2016 Society of Plastics Engineer

Research on Additional Control Technology Based on Energy Storage System for Improving Power Transfer Capacity of Multi-Terminal AC/DC System with Low Cost

The multi-terminal AC/DC system will become one of the important forms of the future power grid. The negative impedance characteristic caused by the constant power load in the DC network will reduce the power transfer capacity between the terminals, especially when a grid fault occurs in AC system at any terminal. Energy storage has played an important role in improving the stability of AC and DC systems. This paper proposes an additional control method based on an energy storage system to improve system power transfer capacity with low cost. The state space model of two-terminal AC/DC system is established, and the feedback laws for additional control are further designed by Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, the additional control strategies based on the energy storage system is built, without changing the existing control system of each control object. Finally, the corresponding system simulation model is established by Matlab/Simulink for analysis and verification. The research results show that the proposed additional control method is effective. The power transfer limitation can be overcome by only adding small damping energy with the stable DC voltages under large disturbances, and the power transfer capacity between the terminals can be significantly improved with low control cost