Quality of Water used at pig farms in the Red River delta

peer reviewedA research was carried out to evaluate water quality using at 12 different pig farms in Bac Ninh, Hung Yen and Hai Duong provinces. Water samples were taken in two periods from October to December 2006 and from March to April 2007. Physical and chemical parameters were analysed at the laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Parasitology-Inspection and Hygiene - Hanoi University of Agriculture. The results showed that, all water sources using the pig farms came from underground and a half of which was not processed. Contents of COD(H+), COD(OH-), CO2, Cl- in water in Hai Duong and Bac Ninh were exceeded the hygiene standard. Iron content in water in all three provinces was exceeded the hygiene standard. After using a processed system including artificial rain, H2O2 supplement and filter the content of DO, CO2 and Fe in the water reached the permitted hygiene standard

Assessment of Animal Waste Treatment by Means of Biodigesters on Pig Farms in the Red River

peer reviewedThe present study was carried out at 12 pig farms in three provinces of Hai Duong, Hung Yen and Bac Ninh. Results showed that the daily amounts of solid and liquid wastes were rather large (50 - 260 kg of solid wastes and 3 - 20 m3 of liquid wastes). The liquid waste treatment with biodigesters decreased the BOD5 and COD concentrations (BOD5 decreased by 75.0 - 80.8% at the sow houses and 75.89 – 80.36% at the growing–finishing pig houses; COD decreased by 66.85% and 64.94 - 69.73% at the sow houses and growing- finishing houses, respectively). However, the COD concentration after treatment was still higher than the hygiene standard. The soluble sulfur concentration was decreased considerably after treatment but was still 3.63 to 7.25 times higher than the hygiene standard. The Cl- concentration was decreased little after biodigester treatment. The Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentrations in the effluent were within the range of hygiene standards

Non-target and biological diversity risk assessment

This chapter discusses the following procedures for risk assessment in Bt cotton using the non-target risk assessment model developed by scientists of the GMO ERA Project ("International Project on GMO Environmental Risk Assessment Methodologies", which is a continuation of the GMO Guidelines Project, which was launched by scientists of the International Organization for Biological Control Global Working Group on "Transgenic Organisms in Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control"): (1) identify relevant functional groups of biological diversity associated with adverse effects, (2) list and prioritize species or ecological processes, (3) identify potential exposure pathways and adverse effects pathways, and use these to formulate and prioritize risk hypotheses, and (4) develop an analysis plan and suggest designs for experiments to test risk hypothese