Towards a model of effective use of video for teacher professional development

Based on previous research, this paper proposes an emerging model to outline the learning outcomes that teacher education programmes using video should consider. Besides cognitive and psychomotor learning, the affective and social needs of teachers are also highlighted in the model to inform the development of video-mediated teacher professional activities. Three broad strategies are identified in the model for bringing forth the learning outcomes, namely, critical reflection, meaningful comparison and productive discussion. These interact to shape the landscape of teacher professional learning. The model also identifies the key role of facilitators and the importance of video selection in enhancing teacher learning via video-mediated activities. It is suggested that the emergent model can serve as a heuristic guide on effective use of video for teacher professional development.postprintThe International Seminar, hosted by the national network of Science Learning Centres and University of York Science Education Group (UYSEG), York, U.K., February 2010

Brief advice and active referral for smoking cessation services among community smokers: a study protocol for randomized controlled trial

published_or_final_versio

香港增加烟草税的成效及长远策略 – 强弱机危综合分析法 (SWOT Analysis)

Abstract and powerpoint presentation中国控制吸烟协会根据世界卫生组织(世卫)建议,增加烟草税能够有效鼓励吸烟人士戒烟及预防儿童及青少年染上烟瘾。为了落实全面的控烟政策,香港吸烟与健康委员会(委员会)联同关注控烟的团体及学者,除了争取扩大禁烟范围及禁止直接或间接烟草广告外,多年来积极向政府建议调高烟草税。政府于2009年及2011年响应委员会和社会各界的要求,分别增加烟草税50%及41.5%。增加烟税后,烟税占卷烟零售价的比率提高至68%,但这个比率比世卫及世界银行的建议仍有距离。为配合未来继续倡议增加烟税,本文就香港最近两次成功增加烟税的经验,分析及探讨增加烟税的成效及长远策略,期望从香港的优势(Strengths)、劣势(Weaknesses)、机会(Opportunities)和威胁(Threats),剖析未来争取增加烟税的策略,订立日后宣传推广的方向,以及为争取政府及公众支持增加烟税提供更充分的理据。link_to_OA_fulltex

Electronic cigarette use did not predict quitting at 6-month follow-up among adult smokers in Hong Kong

研討會主題:「推動無煙文化 共享綠色生活」Abstract & oral presentatio

Prevalence and predictors of third hand smoke exposure in Hong Kong: findings from a territory-wide survey in 2014

研討會主題:「推動無煙文化 共享綠色生活」Significance and aim Third hand smoke (THS) exposure was associated with adverse health. Most studies were conducted in Western countries. We studied the pattern and factors associated with THS exposure in Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Methods A subsample of 910 respondents (59.9% female, aged 40.1 ± 15.2 and 62.1% married)were randomly selected from 2419 adults in a telephone survey in 2014. THS exposure anywhere was measured by a question of “In the past 7 days, have you ever smelled the odor of cigarette from the air, any objects, people or self, while you did not witness any burning cigarettes nearby?”. A similar question was used for THS at home. Duration of THS exposure anywhere (hours/day) and at home (days/week)were also reported. Because of oversampling of ex- and current smokers, weighting by sex, age, and smoking prevalence according to Hong Kong Census and Thematic Household Surveywas done. Results For THS exposure anywhere, the prevalence was 37.9% (mean hours per day: 0.84 ± 1.02). Respondents aged 60-65 were less likely to be exposed (vs. aged <30; odds ratio [OR]: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.37 to 0.96). Those with secondary education were more likely (vs. primary education; OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.08 to 2.82) to be exposed. Having any and the number of smoking family members were associated with longer hours of exposure per day (β-coefficient [β]: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.14 to 0.63 and β: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.04 to 0.38 respectively). For THS exposure at home, the prevalencewas 16.9% (mean days per week: 4.01 ± 2.36). Currently smoking (OR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.06 to 3.39) was associated with more THS exposure. Having household income ≥HK$30,000 (OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.37 to 0.87), having secondary and tertiary education (OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.37 to 0.87 and OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.23 to 0.64 respectively) and living in private housing (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.77) were associated with less THS exposure. Having secondary and tertiary education (β: -1.90, 95%CI: -2.82 to -0.97 and β: 0.-2.41, 95%CI: -3.39 to -1.43) and living in private housing (β: -0.78, 95%CI: -1.44 to -0.12) were associated with fewer days of exposure per week. Having a smokefree home was not associatedwith any of the above THS exposure variables. Conclusions This first study on Chinese adult THS exposure showed THS exposure was prevalent. Smokers have to quit smoking completely as they would bring THS into their homes even if they smoke outside. Further studies on health impacts of THS and effective interventions to eliminate THS are warranted

Quality of reporting of key methodological items of randomized controlled trials in clinical ophthalmic journals

Purpose: To evaluate the reporting quality of key methodological items in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in four general clinical ophthalmology journals.Methods: The reporting of 11 key methodological items in RCTs published in American Journal of Ophthalmology, Archives of Ophthalmology, British Journal of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology in the year 2005 was assessed. Results: Sixty-seven eligible RCTs were assessed and the mean number of items reported was 6.3 per RCT. No significant difference in the mean number of items reported was found between the four journals (P = 0.20). The most frequently reported item was ethics approval and informed consent (97.0%), followed by masking status (85.1%), description of withdrawals (76.1%), adverse events (73.1%), and intention-to-treat analysis (71.6%). Details on sequence generation, randomization restriction, allocation concealment, allocation implementation, patient flow diagrams, and sample size calculation were reported in < 50% of the RCTs assessed. Both sample size and page length of the RCTs correlated with the number of methodological items reported (P = 0.024 and P = 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: Similar to other specialties, rooms for improvement exist in the reporting of key methodological items of RCTs in clinical ophthalmic journals. Stricter adoption of the CONSORT statement might enhance the reporting quality of RCTs in ophthalmic journals. Copyright © 2007 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among children in Hong Kong

Abstrac

How evidence-based are publications in clinical ophthalmic journals?

PURPOSE. To evaluate the methodological quality and level of evidence of publications in four leading general clinical ophthalmology journals. METHODS. All 1919 articles published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology, Archives of Ophthalmology, British Journal of Ophthalmology, and Ophthalmology in 2004 were reviewed. The methodological rigor and the level of evidence in the articles were rated according to the McMaster Hedges Project criteria and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. RESULTS. Overall, 196 (24.4%) of the 804 publications that were included for assessment met the Hedges criteria. Articles on economics evaluation and those on prognosis achieved the highest passing rate, with 80.0% and 74.4% of articles, respectively, meeting the Hedges criteria. Publications on etiology, diagnosis, and treatment fared less well, with respective passing rates of 28.3%, 20.2%, and 14.7%. Published systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials were uncommon in the ophthalmic literature, at least in these four journals during 2004. According to the Oxford criteria, 57.6% of the articles were classified as level 4 evidence compared with 18.1% classified as level 1. Articles on prognosis had the highest proportion (43.0%) rated as level 1 evidence. Generally, articles that reached the Hedges threshold were rated higher on the level-of-evidence scale (Spermans ρ = 0.73; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS. The methodological quality of publications in the clinical ophthalmic literature was comparable to that in the literature of other specialties. There was substantial heterogeneity in quality between different types of articles. Future methodological improvements should focus on the areas identified as having the largest deficiencies. Copyright © Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.link_to_subscribed_fulltex