1,738 research outputs found
Regional Capital Mobility in China: 1978-2006
We examine cross-region capital mobility in China and track how the degree of mobility has changed over time. The effects of fiscal and redistributive activities of different levels of government in China on private capital mobility are taken into account. Our results indicate that there was a significant improvement in capital mobility over time in China, particularly for private capital in the more developed regions. The central and provincial governments, via their taxation, spending, and transfers, loosen the relationship between private saving and investment and appear to promote capital mobility, particularly for less developed regions. There are considerable differences between more and less developed regions in terms of the degree of capital market integration and the improvement in capital mobility over time. The results have important policy implications on global re-balancing as well as regional development gap and risk-sharing within China.Feldstein-Horioka; Chinese cross-region capital mobility; saving-investment relationship; Chinese capital market integration
Carbon and Strontium Abundances of Metal-Poor Stars
We present carbon and strontium abundances for 100 metal-poor stars measured
from R7000 spectra obtained with the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager
at the Keck Observatory. Using spectral synthesis of the G-band region, we have
derived carbon abundances for stars ranging from [Fe/H] to
[Fe/H]. The formal errors are dex in [C/Fe]. The strontium
abundance in these stars was measured using spectral synthesis of the resonance
line at 4215 {\AA}. Using these two abundance measurments along with the barium
abundances from our previous study of these stars, we show it is possible to
identify neutron-capture-rich stars with our spectra. We find, as in other
studies, a large scatter in [C/Fe] below [Fe/H]. Of the stars with
[Fe/H], 94% can be classified as carbon-rich metal-poor stars. The Sr
and Ba abundances show that three of the carbon-rich stars are
neutron-capture-rich, while two have normal Ba and Sr. This fraction of carbon
enhanced stars is consistent with other studies that include this metallicity
range.Comment: ApJ, Accepte
Regional Capital Mobility in China: 1978-2006
We examine cross-region capital mobility in China and track how the degree of mobility has changed over time. The effects of fiscal and redistributive activities of different levels of government in China on private capital mobility are taken into account. Our results indicate that there was a significant improvement in capital mobility over time in China, particularly for private capital in the more developed regions. The central and provincial governments, via their taxation, spending, and transfers, loosen the relationship between private saving and investment and appear to promote capital mobility, particularly for less developed regions. There are considerable differences between more and less developed regions in terms of the degree of capital market integration and the improvement in capital mobility over time. The results have important policy implications on global re-balancing as well as regional development gap and risk-sharing within China
Regional Capital Mobility in China: 1978-2006
We examine cross-region capital mobility in China and track how the degree of mobility has changed over time. The effects of fiscal and redistributive activities of different levels of government in China on private capital mobility are taken into account. Our results indicate that there was a significant improvement in capital mobility over time in China, particularly for private capital in the more developed regions. The central and provincial governments, via their taxation, spending, and transfers, loosen the relationship between private saving and investment and appear to promote capital mobility, particularly for less developed regions. There are considerable differences between more and less developed regions in terms of the degree of capital market integration and the improvement in capital mobility over time. The results have important policy implications on global re-balancing as well as regional development gap and risk-sharing within China
α-Synuclein Tertiary Contact Dynamics
Tertiary contact formation rates in α-synuclein, an intrinsically disordered polypeptide implicated in Parkinson's disease, have been determined from measurements of diffusion-limited electron-transfer kinetics between triplet-excited tryptophan:3-nitrotyrosine pairs separated by 10, 12, 55, and 90 residues. Calculations based on a Markovian lattice model developed to describe intrachain diffusion dynamics for a disordered polypeptide give contact quenching rates for various loop sizes ranging from 6 to 48 that are in reasonable agreement with experimentally determined values for small loops (10â20 residues). Contrary to expectations, measured contact rates in α-synuclein do not continue to decrease as the loop size increases (â„35 residues), and substantial deviations from calculated rates are found for the pairs W4âY94, Y39âW94, and W4âY136. The contact rates for these large loops indicate much shorter average donorâacceptor separations than expected for a random polymer
Aerial Seismology Using Balloon-Based Barometers
Seismology on Venus has long eluded planetary scientists due to extreme temperature and pressure conditions on its surface, which most electronics cannot withstand for mission durations required for ground-based seismic studies. We show that infrasonic (low-frequency) pressure fluctuations, generated as a result of ground motion, produced by an artificial seismic source known as a seismic hammer, and recorded using sensitive microbarometers deployed on a tethered balloon, are able to replicate the frequency content of ground motion. We also show that weak, artificial seismic activity thus produced may be geolocated by using multiple airborne barometers. The success of this technique paves the way for balloon-based aero-seismology, leading to a potentially revolutionary method to perform seismic studies from a remote airborne station on the earth and solar system objects with substantial atmospheres such as Venus and Titan
Blocking monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse IFN-α/ÎČ receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR-1) from mice immunized by in vivo hydrodynamic transfection
Effects of molecular contamination and sp carbon on oxidation of (100) single-crystal diamond surfaces
The efficacy of oxygen (O) surface terminations of specific moieties and
densities on diamond depends on factors such as crystallinity, roughness, and
crystal orientation. Given the wide breadth of diamond-like materials and
O-termination techniques, it can be difficult to discern which method would
yield the highest and most consistent O coverage on a particular subset of
diamond. We first review the relevant physical parameters for O-terminating
single-crystalline diamond (SCD) surfaces and summarize prior oxidation work on
(100) SCD. We then report on our experimental study on X-ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (XPS) characterization of (100) diamond surfaces treated with
oxidation methods that include wet chemical oxidation, photochemical oxidation
with UV illumination, and steam oxidation using atomic layer deposition. We
describe a rigorous XPS peak-fitting procedure for measuring the
functionalization of O-terminated samples and recommend that the reporting of
peak energy positions, line shapes, and full-width-half-maximum values of the
individual components, along with the residuals, are important for evaluating
the quality of the peak fit. Two chemical parameters on the surface, sp C
and molecular contaminants, are also crucial towards interpreting the O
coverage on the diamond surface and may account for the inconsistency in prior
reported values in literature
Barriers to ideal outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation
Longâterm survival for children who undergo LT is now the rule rather than the exception. However, a focus on the outcome of patient or graft survival rates alone provides an incomplete and limited view of life for patients who undergo LT as an infant, child, or teen. The paradigm has now appropriately shifted to opportunities focused on our overarching goals of âsurviving and thrivingâ with longâterm allograft health, freedom of complications from longâterm immunosuppression, selfâreported wellâbeing, and global functional health. Experts within the liver transplant community highlight clinical gaps and potential barriers at each of the pretransplant, intraâoperative, earlyâ, mediumâ, and longâterm postâtransplant stages toward these broader mandates. Strategies including clinical research, innovation, and quality improvement targeting both traditional as well as PRO are outlined and, if successfully leveraged and conducted, would improve outcomes for recipients of pediatric LT.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151257/1/petr13537.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151257/2/petr13537_am.pd
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