Extreme phase and rotated quadrature measurements

We determine the extreme points of the convex set of covariant phase observables. Such extremals describe the best phase parameter measurements of laser light - the best in the sense that they are free from classical randomness due to fluctuations in the measuring procedure. We also characterize extreme fuzzy rotated quadratures

The Pegg-Barnett Formalism and Covariant Phase Observables

We compare the Pegg-Barnett (PB) formalism with the covariant phase observable approach to the problem of quantum phase and show that PB-formalism gives essentially the same results as the canonical (covariant) phase observable. We also show that PB-formalism can be extended to cover all covariant phase observables including the covariant phase observable arising from the angle margin of the Husimi Q-function.Comment: 10 page

Reversibility and irreversibility of tardive dyskinesia following neuroleptic withdrawal

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30302/1/0000704.pd

Quantum phases of a qutrit

We consider various approaches to treat the phases of a qutrit. Although it is possible to represent qutrits in a convenient geometrical manner by resorting to a generalization of the Poincare sphere, we argue that the appropriate way of dealing with this problem is through phase operators associated with the algebra su(3). The rather unusual properties of these phases are caused by the small dimension of the system and are explored in detail. We also examine the positive operator-valued measures that can describe the qutrit phase properties.Comment: 6 page

On the complementarity of the quadrature observables

In this paper we investigate the coupling properties of pairs of quadrature observables, showing that, apart from the Weyl relation, they share the same coupling properties as the position-momentum pair. In particular, they are complementary. We determine the marginal observables of a covariant phase space observable with respect to an arbitrary rotated reference frame, and observe that these marginal observables are unsharp quadrature observables. The related distributions constitute the Radon tranform of a phase space distribution of the covariant phase space observable. Since the quadrature distributions are the Radon transform of the Wigner function of a state, we also exhibit the relation between the quadrature observables and the tomography observable, and show how to construct the phase space observable from the quadrature observables. Finally, we give a method to measure together with a single measurement scheme any complementary pair of quadrature observables.Comment: Dedicated to Peter Mittelstaedt in honour of his eightieth birthda

Association of social isolation, loneliness and genetic risk with incidence of dementia: UK Biobank Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Social isolation and loneliness have been associated with increased risk of dementia, but it is not known whether this risk is modified or confounded by genetic risk of dementia. METHODS: We used the prospective UK Biobank study with 155 070 participants (mean age 64.1 years), including self-reported social isolation and loneliness. Genetic risk was indicated using the polygenic risk score for Alzheimer's disease and the incident dementia ascertained using electronic health records. RESULTS: Overall, 8.6% of participants reported that they were socially isolated and 5.5% were lonely. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years (1.36 million person years), 1444 (0.9% of the total sample) were diagnosed with dementia. Social isolation, but not loneliness, was associated with increased risk of dementia (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.90). There were no interaction effects between genetic risk and social isolation or between genetic risk and loneliness predicting incident dementia. Of the participants who were socially isolated and had high genetic risk, 4.4% (95% CI 3.4% to 5.5%) were estimated to developed dementia compared with 2.9% (95% CI 2.6% to 3.2%) of those who were not socially isolated but had high genetic risk. Comparable differences were also in those with intermediate and low genetic risk levels. CONCLUSIONS: Socially isolated individuals are at increased risk of dementia at all levels of genetic risk

REVISITING ANNA MOSCOWITZ\u27S KROSS\u27S CRITIQUE OF NEW YORK CITY\u27S WOMEN\u27S COURT: THE CONTINUED PROBLEM OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF PROSTITUTION WITH SPECIALIZED CRIMINAL COURTS

This article explores New York City\u27s non-traditional, judicially based response to prostitution. This article first recounts the history of New York City’s Women’s Court. It then examines the work of the Midtown Community Court, the “problem-solving court” established in 1993 to address criminal issues, like prostitution, in Midtown Manhattan. It also discusses the renewed concerns about sex work in New York and describe the movement, propelled by modern reformers, to address prostitution through specialty courts. It then contrasts the shared features and attributes of the Women’s Court and Midtown Court models. Finally, the article urges modern reformers to step back from the problem-solving court movement and their call for the creation of more such specialized criminal courts

Comprobación de la presencia de probióticos en productos de uso oral

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue comprobar la presencia de probióticos en productos de uso oral, comercializados en las diferentes farmacias ubicadas en la Colonia Médica de San Salvador, en las presentaciones de cápsulas, comprimidos masticables y sobres. Para la recolección de la muestra se utilizó una hoja de cotejo, que se aplicó para la identificación de los probióticos comercializados en cada una de las 16 farmacias en estudio, obteniendo un total de 24 muestras. Se realizó una descripción de cada uno de los productos con la normativa de etiquetado Reglamento Técnico Centroamericano RTCA 11.01.02:04 Productos Farmacéuticos. Etiquetado de Productos Farmacéuticos para uso Humano. Así mismo un recuento en placa de bacterias ácido lácticas, también una identificación de los microrganismos tanto a nivel macroscópico como microscópico de las presentaciones de cápsulas, comprimidos masticables y sobres, se comparó con el estándar de referencia Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Obteniéndose los siguientes resultados: para las muestras de cápsulas su crecimiento en placa fue de 1.5x103 UFC/mL, las de comprimidos masticables su crecimiento fue de 1.3x103 UFC/mL y las de sobres de 1.9x103 UFC/mL. En las tres presentaciones el crecimiento en placa fue inferior al rango que establece la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (FAO/OMS) de 106 a 109 UFC. Para ser considerado como probiótico y ejercer un efecto positivo para el consumidor. Se recomiendan nuevas investigaciones con diferentes marcas y presentaciones de probióticos, para poder confirmar si contiene la cantidad que especifica en los productos. La investigación de llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Microbiología del Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo en Salud (CENSALUD) de la Universidad de El Salvador, durante el periodo de 2017 al 2019