Caracterización de la resistencia de una fijación oculta mecánico adhesiva para aplacados de piedra natural en un sistema de fachada ventilada

Comunicación presentada en las II Jornadas de Investigación en Construcción: "60 años de Informes de la Construcción", celebradas los pasados 22, 23 y 24 de mayo de 2008 en el Instituto "Eduardo Torroja" de Ciencias de la Construcción (IETCC-CSIC) de Madrid.Existen varios aspectos del revestimiento de una fachada ventilada a los que merecerá prestar especial atención, tales como por ejemplo, su estabilidad y resistencia a las acciones del viento y peso propio. Para estudiar estos aspectos, parece oportuno dirigir nuestra atención a la unión entre material de aplacado y subestructura, habitualmente en aluminio o madera. Desde luego, la industria de la construcción, ofrece muy diversas soluciones que van desde la piedra natural, a la cerámica, pasando por, entre otros, los fabricantes de laminados compactos, los de chapa metálica, etc. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los sistemas de fachada ventilada comercializados, no existe una fijación "universal" que permita al arquitecto construir fácilmente una fachada a base de diferentes materiales de revestimiento. Si además, se busca que esa fijación sea oculta, el abanico de soluciones parece ser aún más reducido.A este tipo de fijaciones pertenece al sistema de fachada ventilada Mecanofas Karrat S7, descrito en el Documento de Idoneidad Técnica DIT 353-R, cuyo beneficiario es la empresa Mecanogumba S.A. Este sistema patentado resuelve la unión entre placas de revestimiento y subestructura gracias a un proceso industrial en el que se incorpora mediante adhesivo al trasdós ranurado de las placas (piedra natural, gres porcelánico, laminados compactos, entre otras) y a lo largo de su dimensión horizontal, al menos dos perfiles continuos por placa. Dichos perfiles, se denominan "S7", y permiten el cuelgue de cada placa en la subestructura horizontal.El objeto del presente trabajo es caracterizar la calidad del conjunto placa–adhesivo-perfil S7 de unión al travesaño de la subestructura.Peer reviewe

Diseño e implementación del Cuadro de Mando Integral en la empresa Grupo Tabuenca Inmuebles

Mediante la utilización del cuadro de mando integral buscaré la coordinación entre las cuatro perspectivas (financiera, clientes, procesos además de aprendizaje y crecimiento) para medir la eficiencia de la empresa, definiendo unos objetivos concisos acompañados de una serie de indicadores que permitirán conocer si estamos próximos al objetivo último, y permitirá asentar las bases para la alineación estratégica de Grupo Tabuenca Inmuebles, pretendiendo su posterior implementación para su crecimiento.<br /

Adaptabilidad de estructuras L/XL a la vivienda colectiva contemporánea

La búsqueda de soluciones habitacionales que se correspondan con la realidad del presente siglo es ineludible. Así lo atestiguan tanto el contexto sociopolítico europeo como los nuevos modos de vida de la población joven. Este estudio pretende, partiendo de esa hipótesis y de la mano de ejemplos pasados y contemporáneos paradigmáticos, mostrar formas de ocupación alternativas a las convencionales a partir de estructuras de gran envergadura. Vivir como vive un cangrejo ermitaño, como ese ser que sobrevive adaptándose, que busca un caparazón abandonado para convertirlo, durante un tiempo, en su pequeño cobijo

Caracterización morfológica de los nectarios extraflorales en especies vegetales de la Amazonia brasileña

Background and Aims: Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are secretory glands of an aqueous solution composed mainly of sugars, amino acids and lipids, frequently used as food resource by ants, which tend to protect their host plants against herbivorous insects. Although the Amazon forest is recognized worldwide for its high plant diversity, few studies have been carried out in the region that characterize the different morphotypes of EFNs. In this context, our main aim was to perform a brief morphological description of EFNs in the Brazilian Amazonian rainforest. Methods: We established a plot of 6250 m2 in ten forest fragments situated in the state of Acre, Brazilian Amazon. In these plots, we performed intensive field surveys to locate EFN-bearing plant species. Subsequently, we used scanning electron microscopy images to morphologically characterize the EFNs. The morphological descriptions included information about the life form of EFN-bearing plant species, morphotypes of EFNs and their location in different plant structures. Key results: We morphologically characterized 67 EFN-bearing plant species, distributed in 28 genera and 19 families. The botanical families with the highest taxonomic representativeness were Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae and Malpighiaceae. Lianas were the life form with the largest number of EFN-bearing plant species, while elevated EFNs were the most frequent morphotype. Conclusions: The high frequency of elevated EFNs evidences the importance of the ant defense system against herbivory in these Brazilian Amazonian forests, since it has been documented in others works that this morphotype secretes a larger nectar volume, which is an advantage in relation to the attraction potential. Finally, our results indicate the existence of a high diversity of EFN-bearing plant species in this region of the Brazilian Amazon, and an important morphological diversity of associated extrafloral nectaries.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los nectarios extraflorales (NEFs) son glándulas secretoras de una solución acuosa compuesta principalmente de azúcares, aminoácidos y lípidos, frecuentemente utilizada como recurso alimenticio por hormigas, que tienden a proteger sus plantas hospederas contra insectos herbívoros. Aunque la selva amazónica es reconocida mundialmente por su alta diversidad de plantas, pocos estudios se han realizado en la región que caracterizan las diferentes formas de NEFs. En este contexto, nuestro principal objetivo fue realizar una descripción morfológica de los NEFs en una selva amazónica brasileña. Métodos: Establecimos una parcela de 6250 m2 en diez fragmentos de bosque situados en el estado de Acre, Amazonía Brasileña. En estas parcelas, realizamos recorridos de campo intensivos para localizar especies de plantas portadoras de NEFs. Posteriormente, utilizamos imágenes de microscopía electrónica de barrido para caracterizar morfológicamente los NEFs. Las descripciones morfológicas incluyeron información sobre la forma de vida de las especies de plantas portadoras de NEFs, morfotipos de NEFs y su ubicación en las diferentes estructuras de la planta. Resultados clave: Caracterizamos morfológicamente 67 especies de plantas portadoras de NEFs, distribuidas en 28 géneros y 19 familias. Las familias botánicas con mayor representatividad taxonómica fueron Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae y Malpighiaceae. Las lianas fueron la forma de vida que presentó más especies de plantas portadoras de NEFs, mientras que los NEFs de tipo elevado fueron los más frecuentes. Conclusiones: La mayor frecuencia de NEFs de tipo elevado evidencia la importancia del sistema de defensa de hormigas contra la herbivoria en esta selva amazónica brasileña, ya que se ha documentado en otros trabajos que este morfotipo secreta un mayor volumen de néctar, lo que es una ventaja en relación con el potencial de atracción. Finalmente, nuestros hallazgos indican la existencia de una alta diversidad de especies de plantas portadoras de NEFs en esta región de Amazonía Brasileña, y una importante diversidad morfológica de nectarios extraflorales asociados

Structural Stability of Ant-plant Mutualistic Networks Mediated by Extrafloral Nectaries: Looking at the Effects of Forest Fragmentation in the Brazilian Amazon

Rainforest fragmentation drastically affects biodiversity and species composition, mainly due to habitat loss. Several studies have already shown the effects of forest fragmentation on plant and ant communities. To date, however, there is limited empirical knowledge of how forest fragmentation affects ant-plant interaction in networks. We investigated the effects of the configuration of rainforest fragments on the structure of ant-plant interaction networks mediated by extrafloral nectaries (EFNs). We carried out this study in ten forest fragments, ranging in size from approximately 5 to 3,000 ha, located in the Brazilian Amazon. In each fragment we established a plot of 6,250 m2, in which all ant-plant interactions were recorded, and calculated the following network descriptors: number of interactions, network size, network specialization, diversity of interactions, and nestedness. We used four explanatory variables to investigate the effects of forest fragmentation on these network descriptors: three metrics of the configuration of fragments (i.e., fragment area, edge irregularity, and connectivity) and the forest structure within each fragment, represented by canopy cover. We did not detect any effect of the explanatory variables on the network descriptors. The structural stability of the networks sampled in forest fragments with different configurations is possibly related to the observed constancy of ant species in the central core of highly interacting species. Our results corroborate other studies highlighting the structural stability of these facultative ant-plant networks mediated by EFNs in different spatial and temporal gradients. Nonetheless, the low constancy of plant species in the generalist core should be understood as a warning, mainly because the functionality of this protective mutualism (i.e., food secretions in exchange for protection against herbivory) remains unknown

Pursuit of optimal synthetic conditions for obtaining colloidal zero-valent iron nanoparticles by scanning pulsed laser ablation in liquids

Liquid-Assisted Pulsed Laser Ablation (LA-PLA) is a promising top-down method to directly synthesize colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles in a eco-friendly manner. However, the role of LA-PLA synthesis parameters is not yet fully agreed. This work seeks to optimize the production of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles suitable for biomedical or environmental applications using nanosecond LA-PLA on iron targets with different ablation media, laser and target scanning parameters. The use of alcohols as solvents produces iron-iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles with amorphous cores, except for a small crystalline fraction corresponding to the biggest core sizes. Decreasing carbon chain length and complexity leads to a thinning of the carbonaceous material coatings and an increase of the colloidal stability and the nanoparticle productivity. Moreover, a decrease of solvent density and surface tension allows obtaining reduced sizes and polydispersity values. Among, laser and scanning parameters, the pulse accumulation per spot displayed a clear effect in boosting size and productivity. As main outcome, aqueous dispersions with suitable colloidal properties are obtained, either by transferring to water of optimized nZVI particles produced in ethanol, or by direct formation of nZVI particles and in situ coating with hydrophilic molecules in aqueous solutions of these moleculesThis research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and FEDER [research projects MAT2015-67354R, MAT2014-53961-R, and MAT2017- 86826-R] and by the Aragón government (DGA) [grant for consolidated group PLATON E31_17R]. OBM thanks the financial support from the “Ramón y Cajal Program” [research project RYC2010-07332] of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the H2020 Action H2020-MSCA-IF-2014_ST [grant 656908-NIMBLIS] of the Executive Agency for Research Manages of EU Commissio

Influence of Ca/Si ratio on the microstructure and properties of blended cements elaborated with kaolinite based waste

ICCC 2015, Beijing, China, 13~16 October 2015; http://iccc2015.csp.escience.cn/dct/page/1To reduce the environmental impact of cement industries, cementitious materials are added to the manufacture of eco-efficient cements, focusing in industrial wastes. In this paper metakaolinite (MK) based industrial wastes have been mixed with cement in order to study the effect of the chemical composition of the raw material in both microstructural and mechanical properties of the pastes. Frattini test was also determined. The selected metakaolin based industrial wastes were previously activated for two hours at temperatures around 600ºC to transform the inert waste into a cementing material. The industrial wastes materials used were coal mining and paper sludge. The second one was mixed with fly ash (50/50 w/w) in order to evaluate the performance of ternary blended cements. The mixtures were prepared with OPC and both 6 and 20% of activated industrial waste (coal mining and paper sludge + fly ash). Prismatic samples (1x1x6 cm) were prepared with water/cement ratio of 0.5 and cured 28 days. After this time, mineralogical composition of the samples was determined by XRD as well as mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength, total porosity, etc). Besides, portlandite and ettringite, both monocarboaluminate and C4AH13 have been formed in the samples after 28 days of hydration. It can be observed that C4AH13 decreases as Ca/Si ratio decreases; with the opposite behaviour for the monocarboaluminate. From the mechanical properties, porosity decreases from 1 to 28 days of curing as compressive strength increases.To the Ministry of Economy and Competiveness by the financial support (MAT2012-37005-C03-01-02-03).Peer Reviewe

Three new species of Sloanea L. (Elaeocarpaceae) from the Central Amazon, Brazil

Three new species of Sloanea L. are recognized based on specimens collected in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve. These new species are morphologically distinct from other Sloanea in the Neotropics in terms of their vegetative and reproductive characters. The Ducke Reserve contains a total of 18 species of Sloanea, and the species closest to these new taxa occur there. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, together with comments concerning morphological similarities with other species, as well as their geographic distributions and their phenologies

Three new species of Sloanea L. (Elaeocarpaceae) from the Central Amazon, Brazil

Three new species of Sloanea L. are recognized based on specimens collected in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve. These new species are morphologically distinct from other Sloanea in the Neotropics in terms of their vegetative and reproductive characters. The Ducke Reserve contains a total of 18 species of Sloanea, and the species closest to these new taxa occur there. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, together with comments concerning morphological similarities with other species, as well as their geographic distributions and their phenologies

Análisis de las posibilidades de desarrollo de un sistema de recogida de datos clínicos relacionados con el cáncer de mama

En el presente proyecto se ha realizado un análisis profundo de las posibilidades de proponer una mejora en el sistema de recogida de datos clínicos, relacionados con el cáncer de mama, en el Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa.Como resultado de dicho análisis se propone diseñar un sistema completamente nuevo teniendo en cuenta las funciones más importantes de los sistemas actuales del hospital, así como implementar otras herramientas que faciliten la labor a los sanitarios especialistas.<br /