Risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament tears: Neuromuscular status

Peer reviewe

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autograft in Children and Adolescents

We introduce an anatomic reconstruction technique for the medial patellofemoral ligament using a free hamstring autograft in skeletally immature patients. We dock the 2 ends of the graft in the superior-medial patella using sockets and secure the femoral graft attachment in a socket tunnel distal to the physis. This technique minimizes the risk of injury to the growth plate and still enables accurate and successful anatomic positioning of the hamstring autograft

From building information models to simplified geometries for energy performance simulation

A major future challenge in the building industry is to reduce primary energy use of buildings. EU law now requires energy performance certificates to be issued for all buildings. Hence, energy performance simulation becomes an increasingly important topic. Accurate, yet efficient simulation depends on simple building models. Most of the required data can be found in Building Information Models (BIM), following the buildingSMART alliance's Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema. IFC has become an ISO standard and enjoys increasing support by CAD software. However, typical IFC models contain a lot of irrelevant data, in particular geometric representations, which are too detailed for energy performance simulation. Therefore, an algorithm is proposed for extracting input models for simulations directly from IFC models in a semi-automatic process, to overcome the current situation where simple models are manually built from scratch. The key aspect of the algorithm is geometry simplification subject to semantic and functional groups; more specifically, the 3D representations of walls, slabs, windows, doors, etc. are reduced to a collection of surfaces describing the building's thermal shell on one hand, and the material layers associated with it on the other hand. Test models from simple fictitious houses to complex models of real-world buildings have been provided to guide the development of the algorithm in an incremental manner. This paper presents the resulting algorithm and the current status of prototype software implementing it

Peritumoural Strain Elastography of Newly Diagnosed Breast Tumours: Does Maximum Peritumoural Halo Depth Correlate with Tumour Differentiation and Grade?

To evaluate the diagnostic utility of the maximum ultrasound strain elastography (SE) halo depth in newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed breast lesions, a retrospective study approval was granted by the local Ethical Review Board. Overall, the maximum strain elastography peritumoural halos (SEPHmax)—the maximum distance between the SE stiffening area and the B-mode lesion size—in 428 cases with newly diagnosed breast lesions were retrospectively analysed alongside patient age, affected quadrant, tumour echogenicity, size, acoustic shadowing, and vascularity. Statistical analysis included an ordinary one-way ANOVA to compare the SEPHmax between BI-RADS 2, 3, and 5 groups and between tumour grades 1, 2, and 3. A binary regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between tumour malignancy and the above-mentioned demographic and imaging factors. SEPHmax was significantly higher in BI-RADS 5 tumours (5.5 ± 3.9 mm) compared to BI-RADS 3 (0.9 ± 1.7 mm, p p p = 0.001) and 3 (6.8 ± 4.2 mm, p p = 0.005) and intermediate-risk (p = 0.013) tumours showed smaller SEPHmax than high-risk tumours. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between malignant differentiation and SEPHmax (standardized regression coefficient 3.17 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42–3.92], p p = 0.03), and higher patient age (0.89 [95% CI 0.52–1.26], p < 0.0001). High SEPHmax is a strong predictor for tumour malignancy and a higher tumour grade and can be used to improve tumour characterisation before histopathological evaluation. It may also enable radiologists to identify lesions warranting observation rather than immediate biopsy