Développement de modèles 3D-QSAR et synthèse de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la glycoprotéine-P de type anthranilamide et leur évaluation in vitro et in vivo

La résistance en chimiothérapie est principalement associée au gène de résistance multiple aux médicaments (MDR) qui régule l'expression de la glycoprotéine-P (P-gp). Le rôle de cette protéine est d'expulser hors de la cellule des agents xénobiotiques. L'objectif principal de nos travaux était de développer des inhibiteurs de la P-gp afin de restaurer l'efficacité des traitements de chimiothérapie. Quinze nouveaux dérivés d'anthranilamides ont été préparés en modifiant la structure de l'espaceur entre N1 et N2 . L'activité inhibitrice de ces composés (EC5o(VLB)) variait de 59 à 1345 nM. Nos résultats montrent que : 1) une chaîne alkyle de 2 carbones entre N1 et N2 permet d'obtenir la meilleure activité inhibitrice, 2) un centre chiral R ou S influence peu l'activité inhibitrice; 3) la présence d'un cyclohexyle entre N1 et N2 n'augmente pas l'activité inhibitrice; 4) un groupement arylpipérazinyle entre N1 et N2 augmente de 200 % l'activité inhibitrice; et 5) un groupement méthoxyle sur la partie anthranilique augmente de 200 % l'activité inhibitrice. L'anthranilamide P24 est le composé le plus efficace et possède un EC5o(VLB) de 59±35 nM. Des études in vivo sur des souris porteuses de tumeurs surexprimant la P-gp montrent que P24 augmente l'espérance de vie de 32 % (p<0,01) lorsque comparé au groupe de souris non traitées et de 20 % (p<0,05) lorsque comparé au groupe de souris traitées avec la vincristine seulement. Des études sur l'inhibition des CYP450 avec les composés P03, PI7 et P24 révèle un profile d'inhibition différent de celui de l'anthranilamide XR9576 principalement au niveau du CYP3A4. Les études de modélisation moléculaire COMFA et COMSIA ont permis d'établir le modèle suivant comme essentiel à l'activité des dérivés d'anthranilamides: 1) un groupement accepteur d'hydrogène en position 3 d'un système biaromatique encombré à la région A de XR9576; 2) un groupement accepteur d'hydrogène ou un atome chargé négativement et un groupement aromatique chargé positivement à la région B de XR9576; 4) un groupement hydrophobe au niveau de l'espaceur; 5) deux groupements accepteurs d'hydrogène et un groupement encombré aromatique à la région D de XR9576; et 6 ) la présence des deux amides de la partie anthranilique

A comparative molecular field and comparative molecular similarity indices analyses (CoMFA and CoMSIA) of N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)urea targeting the colchicine-binding site as anticancer agents

To decipher the mechanism underlying the covalent binding of N-phenyl-N′-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEU) to the colchicine-binding site on βII-tubulin and to design new and selective antimitotic drugs, we developed 3D quantitative structure–activity relationships (3D-QSAR) models using CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses. The present study correlates the cell growth inhibition activities of 56 structurally related CEU derivatives to several physicochemical parameters representing steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic fields. Both CoMFA and CoMSIA models using two different optimum numbers of components (ONC) 10 and 4, respectively, gave good internal predictions and their cross-validated r2 values were between 0.639 and 0.743. These comprehensive CoMFA and CoMSIA models are useful in understanding the structure–activity relationships of CEU. The two models were compared to the X-ray crystal structure of the complex of tubulin–colchicine and analyzed for similarities between the two modes of analysis. These models will inspire the design of new CEU derivatives with enhanced inhibition of tumor cell growth and targeting specificity of βII-tubulin and the cytoskeleton

Domestication of different varieties in the cheese-making fungus Geotrichum candidum

Domestication is an excellent model for studying adaptation processes, involving recent adaptation and diversification, convergence following adaptation to similar conditions, as well as degeneration of unused functions. Geotrichum candidum is a fungus used for cheese making and is also found in other environments such as soil and plants. By analyzing whole-genome data from 98 strains, we found that all strains isolated from cheese formed a monophyletic clade. Within the cheese clade, we identified three genetically differentiated populations and we detected footprints of recombination and admixture. The genetic diversity in the cheese clade was similar as that in the wild clade, suggesting the lack of strong bottlenecks. Commercial starter strains were scattered across the cheese clade, thus not constituting a single clonal lineage. The cheese populations were phenotypically differentiated from other populations, with a slower growth on all media, even cheese, a prominent production of typical cheese volatiles and a lower proteolytic activity. One of the cheese clusters encompassed all soft goat cheese strains, suggesting an effect of cheese-making practices on differentiation. Another of the cheese populations seemed to represent a more advanced stage of domestication, with stronger phenotypic differentiation from the wild clade, harboring much lower genetic diversity, and phenotypes more typical of cheese fungi, with denser and fluffier colonies and a greater ability of excluding cheese spoiler fungi. Cheese populations lacked two beta lactamase-like genes present in the wild clade, involved in xenobiotic clearance, and displayed higher contents of transposable elements, likely due to relaxed selection. Our findings suggest the existence of genuine domestication in G. candidum, which led to diversification into different varieties with contrasted phenotypes. Some of the traits acquired by cheese strains indicate convergence with other, distantly related fungi used for cheese maturation

Effet du methylparathion par administration orale sur le développement de la vibriose occasionnée par Vibrio parahaemolyticus chez la crevette blanche (Litopenaeus vannamei)

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF

In vitro interactions of gastrointestinal hormones on cyclic adenosine 3':5' monophosphate levels and amylase output in the rat pancreas

Four fold increases in cyclic AMP levels were observed 5 to 10 min after rat pancreatic fragments were incubated with 10 -7 M secretin or 10 -6 M vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in addition to 10 mM theophylline. From dose response curves it appears that, on a molar basis, the potency of secretin was 10 times higher than that of VIP. It is concluded that cyclic AMP is probably the intracellular messenger of both secretin and VIP in centroacinar cells. Pancreozymin, caerulein, and the C terminal octapeptide of pancreozymin inhibited the production of cyclic AMP observed with secretin or VIP, suggesting that the first 3 peptides were acting at a binding site different from the agonists, but coupled with the same adenylate cyclase. In acinar cells, secretin was able to exert slight ecbolic effects, and was also able to potentiate the effect of maximal concentrations of pancreozymin, caerulein, or the C terminal octapeptide of pancreozymin. There was no simple correlation between amylase output and cyclic AMP levels, and copious amylase secretion was elicited even at control levels of cyclic AMP. Glucagon was neither an agonist nor an antagonist of any of the other polypeptides tested.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe