Des vertus du décentrement dans Les Ruines de Volney

Cette étude analyse comment la mise en scène d'une méditation sur les ruines des anciens empires conduit Volney à opposer le cycle des révolutions à la Révolution française. Les vertus du décentrement, tout autant méthodologiques que philosophiques et politiques, sont multiples et elles permettent d'instruire le procès des religions. Si la Révolution française est exemplaire, c'est donc parce quelle annonce ce mouvement de prise en main de leur destin par les peuples. Pourquoi faut-il dès lors encore recourir à un catéchisme ?This study examines how the staging of a meditation on the ruins of the ancient empires leads Volney to contrast the seemingly endless cycle of revolutions to the French Revolution. Decentration has virtues — as much methodological as philosophical and political — that are multiple, and that allow to put religions on trial. If the French Revolution is paradigmatic, it is because it announces this movement by which the peoples will take their destiny in their own hands. But then, why should a catechism still be needed

Aristotle's Peculiarly Human Psychology

For Aristotle, human cognition has a lot in common both with non-human animal cognition and with divine cognition. With non-human animals, humans share a non-rational part of the soul and non-rational cognitive faculties (DA 427b6–14, NE 1102b29 and EE 1219b24–6). With gods, humans share a rational part of the soul and rational cognitive faculties (NE 1177b17– 1178a8). The rational part and the non-rational part of the soul, however, coexist and cooperate only in human souls (NE 1102b26–9, EE 1219b28–31). In this chapter, I show that a study of this cooperation helps to uncover some distinctive aspects of human cognition and desire

Parameter-Free FISTA by Adaptive Restart and Backtracking

We consider a combined restarting and adaptive backtracking strategy for the popular Fast Iterative Shrinking-Thresholding Algorithm frequently employed for accelerating the convergence speed of large-scale structured convex optimization problems. Several variants of FISTA enjoy a provable linear convergence rate for the function values $F(x_n)$ of the form $\mathcal{O}( e^{-K\sqrt{\mu/L}~n})$ under the prior knowledge of problem conditioning, i.e. of the ratio between the (\L ojasiewicz) parameter $\mu$ determining the growth of the objective function and the Lipschitz constant $L$ of its smooth component. These parameters are nonetheless hard to estimate in many practical cases. Recent works address the problem by estimating either parameter via suitable adaptive strategies. In our work both parameters can be estimated at the same time by means of an algorithmic restarting scheme where, at each restart, a non-monotone estimation of $L$ is performed. For this scheme, theoretical convergence results are proved, showing that a $\mathcal{O}( e^{-K\sqrt{\mu/L}n})$ convergence speed can still be achieved along with quantitative estimates of the conditioning. The resulting Free-FISTA algorithm is therefore parameter-free. Several numerical results are reported to confirm the practical interest of its use in many exemplar problems

Centre Louis-Gernet de recherches comparées sur les sociétés anciennes

Françoise Frontisi-Ducroux, sous-directeur au Collège de FranceJean-Louis Labarrière, chargé de recherche au CNRSFrançois Lissarrague, directeur d’études Phantasia chez les Grecs. Les représentations de l’image Poursuivant le travail entamé en 1999-2000, le séminaire a continué d’interroger la notion de phantasia - imagination, représentation, apparence, apparition ? - dans ses multiples dimensions et à partir d’approches disciplinaires différentes, notamment philosophique et iconographique. ..