Irrigation Practice and its Effects on Water Storage and Groundwater Fluctuation in the First Dry Season in the Rice Cultivation Region, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

AbstractIrrigation in RenggangWater Users’ Association region in the first dry season, 2012 and 2013 was characterized by the reused water irrigation of drainage and the groundwater irrigation from wells. The shortage of the canal irrigation in 2012 was improved mainly by the renovation of the secondary canal by farmers’ “gotongroyong”. The fluctuation of groundwater level was highly correspondedbythe timely change of stored water in the ground (ΔS).The positive ΔScaused by the gross water supply in the first half period of the rice cultivation, was evaluated to keep the groundwater at some level

Characterization of Biochar Empty Fruit Bunches OPEFB at Various Temperatures and Burning Time

Oil palm waste (OPW), comprising mainly of empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fiber, frond, trunk, and palm kernel shell generated from the palm oil industry, was collected, characterized, and then pyrolyzed to evaluate their potential to be converted into biochar.  Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) are a source of organic material with abundant nutrients and are highly potentially useful as biochar. This article provides experimental data for the production of biochar at a temperature range of 100 to 300 °C at time of 4 to 8 hours. The chemical components examined are pH, CEC, C-Organic, N-total, C/N, K dd, P, Ca, Mg, and Na, using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that organic C, nitrogen, and pH were highest at 200–300 °C and had a burning time of 8 hours. Furthermore, the highest concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg were recorded at 200–300°C after 5 hours, Kdd at 100–200 °C after 5 hours, and Na and CEC at 200–300 °C after 4 hours. The transmittance intensity produced by the spectrum of hydroxyl (O-H) vibrations, carbonyl stretching (C=O), alkanes    (-CH), and aromatics (C=C) decreased with increasing time, while stretching alcohol (C-O) vibrations increased with time. Our results demonstrate that OPEB is a biowaste that shows exceptional promise to be transformed into high-grade biochar rather than simply disposed of by landfilling or burning

Kajian Erosi pada Hutan Tanaman Industri di Kecamatan Tompobulu Kabupaten Maros: Erosion Study in Industrial Plantation Forests in Tompobulu District, Maros Regency

The small value of erosion on a land is sometimes ignored even though it can sometimes have an effect on a land. Industrial plantation forests (HTI) are present as a government effort to combine timber production and forest rehabilitation. However, the problems faced are low land productivity, decreased soil fertility due to erosion processes in the soil layer. The research hypothesis is that the use of a layered canopy, good soil infiltration will reduce the rate of erosion and surface flow. This research aims to study the amount of erosion in industrial plantation forests in Tompobulu District, Maros Regency. This research was conducted in January-February 2022 in Bahagia Hamlet, Bontomanurung Village, Tompobulu District which was carried out using the erosion plot method. Erosion plots were made in two stands in monoculture and agroforestry industrial plantation forest areas. The measurement results of the amount of flow rate in monoculture HTI is greater than agroforestry HTI which each has a surface flow, namely 113.86 m3/ha and 55.43 m3/ha. While the erosion rate in monoculture HTI is greater than agroforestry HTI, each of which has an erosion rate, namely in monoculture HTI of 0.19 tons/ha and agroforestry HTI of 0.06 tons/ha. The estimated value of annual erosion and tolerable soil loss (TSL) in each stand, namely monoculture HTI is 2.57 tons/ha/year and 4.69 tons/ha /year, while in agroforestry HTI respectively 1.45 tons/ha/year and 9.69 tons/ha/year. Each of the two stands produced estimates of annual erosion that were smaller than the tolerable soil loss (TSL). Good interception (use of layered canopy, vegetation with large leaf surface area) and good infiltration can reduce erosion and surface runoff

The Effect of Combination of Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes, Organic Pellet Fertilizers and Inorganic Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake of Maize Plants

The low uptake of N and P nutrients by maize plants can be caused by the low availability or levels of N and P nutrients in the soil used as the planting medium. The Alfisol soil used in the study had N-total levels of 0.15% (low) and P2O5 of 12.76 ppm (medium). The addition of phosphate solubilizing microbes, pelleted organic fertilizer, and inorganic fertilizer can increase the availability of N and P nutrients in the soil, so that plant uptake of N and P nutrients can also increase. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of phosphate-solubilizing microbes (PSM), pelleted organic fertilizer, and inorganic fertilizer on the nutrient uptake of maize plants. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University and plant samples were analyzed at Hasanuddin University's Soil Fertility Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture. This study used a Randomised Group Design (RGD). The treatments consisted of a combination of M0 = without phosphate solubilizing microbes; M1 = addition of phosphate solubilizing microbes; B0 = without pelleted organic fertilizer; B1 = pelleted organic fertilizer dose of 5 tonnes/ha; B2 = pelleted organic fertilizer dose of 10 tonnes/ha; A0 = without inorganic fertilizer; A1 = inorganic fertilizer 50% of the recommended dose. The results showed that the M0B2A0 treatment produced plants with the highest level of N nutrient uptake, which was 633.33% higher than the M0B0A0 treatment. In comparison, the M1B2A1 treatment had plants with the highest level of P nutrient uptake, which was 933.33% higher than the M0B0A0 treatment

Pemanfaatan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular Untuk Mereduksi Kadar Pb dan Cd pada Lahan Sawah Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Selada

Pb and Cd are two types of heavy metal that has been widely contaminates agricultural land. Pollution on agricultural land led to a decrease in productivity, disruption of the ecological balance and impaired human health. The research aims to identify and detect the content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in the soil and measure the effectiveness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal veskular withstand heavy metals in lettuce plants. Soil samples were collected in the Village Sudiang Makassar City using stratified sampling and purposive sampling methods. Sampling points are distinguished based on the distance from the highway, which is 15 meters and 30 meters. Analysis of heavy metal content in soil carried Soil Laboratory BPTP Maros. The study based on a randomized block design in a factorial 2 factors. The first factor was soil sampling and the second factor was the provision of mycorrhizae. Based on the survey results revealed that the content of Pb and Cd in soil belt of northern South Sulawesi has passed the threshold. Due to the reduced content of Pb and Cd after treatment arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi but the decline is not significant compared with no treatment mycorrhizae. The content of Cd and Pb in plants of lettuce grown in the various media and the addition of CAM treatments above the threshold concentration safe for consumption

Analisis Indeks Produktivitas Lahan untuk Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan di Bagian Hilir Daerah Irigasi Kampili

The large population growth of Indonesia encourages the transition of the function of agricultural land into non-agricultural land. The demand for land from time to time always increased, while the available land limited in number. This caused the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land. This phenomenon certainly could bring serious problems. This study aimed to determine the land productivity index for rice and green beans cultivation and to find out the factors that influence production. The productivity indexes analyzed based on the Storie Approach. Soil sampling was carried out by an open grid method divided based on five land map units which spread across three different villages in Kampili irrigation area. The results of the study indicate that the highest productivity index is shown in SPT 5 where the productivity index is 47 and the lowest productivity index is shown in SPT 2 where the productivity index is 21,6. The land productivity index in the downstream of the Kampili irrigation area, which is located in the district of West Bajeng is poor to sufficient level. The low value of land productivity was strongly influenced due to poor soil quality, especially soil chemical properties. The results of the laboratory analysis show that nutrients in those areas are low

DIVERSIFIKASI USAHA OLAHAN RUMPUT LAUT MELALUI PEMBUATAN EKADO

Rumput laut merupakan salah satu komoditas hasil laut yang diunggulkan dikarenakan memiliki kandungan yodium yang tinggi. Tingginya kandungan yodium yang dimiliki rumput laut membuat komoditas ini dapat dikembangkan menjadi produk subsitusi tepung terigu menjadi produk pangan olahan khususnya ekado. Ekado merupakan makanan yang dibungkus dengan adonan kulit pangsit. Adonan kulit pangsit terbuat dari tepung terigu dengan penambahan rumput laut. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok usaha Matahari dalam menghasilkan ekado; (2) Meningkatkan pengetahuan kelompok usaha Matahari mengenai aspek keamanan pangan dan pemilihan jenis kemasan yang tepat; (3) Meningkatkan pengetahuan manajemen dan strategi pemasaran produk. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan meliputi penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Metode penyuluhan dan pelatihan dilakukan untuk menjelaskan tentang manfaat ekado, cara membuat ekado, keamanan pangan dan pengetahuan manajemen dan strategi pemasaran. Sementara itu metode pelatihan diberikan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan ibu-ibu kelompok usaha Matahari membuat ekado dan mengemas vakum produk olahan rumput laut. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah ibu-ibu kelompok usaha Matahari banyak memperoleh pemahaman diversifikasi olahan rumput laut seperti ekado. Selain itu peserta menyadari pentingnya keamanan pangan dalam proses produksi, pemilihan jenis kemasan yang tepat dan mengetahui cara penggunaan kemasan vakum. Bahkan, peserta juga menyadari pentingnya kemasan yang menarik dalam memasarkan produk olahan dan cara memasarkan produk olahan ekado. Kata kunci: diversifikasi, rumput laut, ekado, kemasan, keamanan pangan, promosi

PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI MELALUI PELATIHAN SELIDIK CEPAT KESUBURAN TANAH SAWAH DI DESA PANAIKANG, KECAMATAN MINESATENE, PANGKEP

Penurunan hasil produksi dalam satu dekade terakhir telah dirasakan oleh masyarakat petani di desa Panaikang, Kecamatan Minasatene, Kabupaten Pangkep. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil panen. Ketidaktahuan petani tentang permasalahan kesuburan tanah, mengakibatkan para petani tidak dapat menemukan solusi terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam memperbaiki/mengembalikan kesuburan tanah. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan pelatihan selidik cepat kesuburan tanah sawah untuk mengatasi permasalahan degradasi tanah di lahan sawah. Pelatihan diberikan secara langsung dengan mempraktekkan bagaimana menggunakan alat Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (PUTS) tanah sawah, dan dilanjutkan dengan simulasi yang dilakukan langsung oleh beberapa kelompok tani. Hasil uji kesuburan tanah dengan alat PUTS, memiliki nilai keakuratan terutama terkait pH tanah, Nitrogen, dan Posfor, yang sudah dapat dijadikan rujukan awal dalam penanganan status kesuburan tanah dan rekomendasi peningkatan kesehatan tanah. Nilai pH tanah berbanding lurus dengan kandungan hara-hara yang terdapat di dalam tanah. Perbedaan nilai uji PUTS dan uji laboratorium, disebabkan oleh adanya perlakuan yang telah diberikan oleh petani pada tanaman padi sawah berupa pemupukan sebelum pengambilan sampel tanah, sehingga memberikan hasil yang berbeda. Uji PUTS sebaiknya dilakukan sebelum penanaman padi sawah atau setelah panen, sehingga terbebas dari kesalahan pembacaan data. Pembentukan Desa Mitra menjadi keberlanjutan kegiatan sebagai wujud pendampingan petani dalam meningkatkan kesuburan tanah sawah di Desa Panaikang. Kata kunci: Tanah, petani, PUTS, desa mitra, Pangkep.   ABSTRACT The farming community in Panaikang Village, Minasatene District, Pangkep Regency, has felt a decline in production yields in the last decade. Various attempts were made to increase crop yields. Farmers' ignorance of soil fertility problems resulted in farmers being unable to find solutions to the issues they faced in improving/restoring soil fertility. Therefore, training is needed to quickly investigate the fertility of paddy soil to overcome the problem of soil degradation in paddy fields. The training was given directly by practicing using the Rice Field Soil Test Tool (PUTS) for rice fields and continued with simulations carried out directly by several farmer groups. The results of soil fertility tests using the PUTS tool have accuracy values, especially regarding soil pH, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. These can be used as an initial reference in handling soil fertility status and recommendations for improving soil health. The pH value of the soil is directly proportional to the nutrient content in the soil. The difference in PUTS test values and laboratory tests is caused by the treatment given by farmers to lowland rice plants in the form of fertilization before taking soil samples, thus providing different results. The PUTS test should be carried out before planting lowland rice or after harvest to avoid data reading errors. The formation of Partner Villages is a continuation of activities as a form of assistance to farmers in increasing the fertility of rice fields in Panaikang Village. Keywords: Soil, farmer, PUTS, partner villages, Pangkep

INDEKS BAHAYA EROSI DI SUB DAS PASUI HULU DAS SADDANG: Erosion Hazard Index in Upstream Sub Watershed Pasui of Saddang Watershed

Sub watershed Pasui is an upstream area of Saddang watershed with mountain topography dominated by agricultural cultivation activities of coffee, cocoa, cloves and onions without conservation methods. Agricultural cultivation activities that do not apply conservation methods on steep slopes are expected to increase the rate of erosion in this region. This study is aim to determine the magnitude of potential erosion and erosion hazard index in Sub watershed Pasui upstream Saddang watershed. The method of study is conducted survey and soil sampling in Sub watershed Pasui, Baraka subdistrict and Buntu Batu, Enrekang regency. The study took place from February to August 2021. Erosion restoration uses the USLE method, while the restoration of erosion hazard index refers to The Minister of Forestry Regulation No. 60 of 2014. Paddy field cover, mixed dry land agriculture and forest are classified as low erosion hazard index class with potential erosion value <15 ton/ha/year. Meanwhile, dry land and savanna agriculture belong to a very high erosion hazard index class with a potential erosion value. The weighted average potential erosion value is 189,46 tons/ha/year, while the weighted average erosion hazard index in the Sub watershed Pasui upstream Saddang watershed is 8,83 and belongs to the highest erosion hazard class