Revising the Supernatural: Prospero Lambertini's Reconsideration of the Concept of Miracle

AbstractAccording to Thomas Aquinas, a miracle had to surpass the whole of the created nature, which meant the visible and corporeal, as well as the invisible and incorporeal nature. Prospero Lambertini (1675–1758), the future Pope Benedict XIV, when he was promoter of the faith, noticed that it was impossible to distinguish a cure that occurred beyond the boundaries of incorporeal and invisible nature (the whole nature) from one that exceeded just corporeal and visible nature. The issue was of utmost importance since it risked delegitimizing the whole system of miracle verification. Consequently, Lambertini, in the fourth book of his magnum opus De servorum Dei beatificatione et beatorum canonizatione (On the Beatification of the Servants of God and the Canonization of the Blessed, 1734–1738), developed a new classification of miracles, which included the works of angels, with the aim of solving the problem. Furthermore, to counteract Spinoza's denial of miracles, he claimed that miracles were not contrary to the laws of nature

Ricci Reheating Reloaded

A Hubble-induced phase transition is a natural spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism allowing for explosive particle production in non-oscillatory models of inflation involving non-minimally coupled spectator fields. In this work, we perform a comprehensive characterisation of this type of transitions as a tachyonic Ricci-heating mechanism, significantly extending previous results in the literature. By performing $\mathcal{O}(100)$ 3+1-dimensional classical lattice simulations, we explore the parameter space of two exemplary scenarios, numerically determining the main timescales in the process. Based on these results, we formulate a set of parametric equations that offer a practical approach for determining the efficiency of the heating process, the temperature at the onset of radiation domination, and the minimum number of e-folds of inflation needed to resolve the flatness and horizon problems in specific quintessential inflation scenarios. These parametric equations eliminate the need for additional lattice simulations, providing a convenient and efficient method for evaluating these key quantities.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figure

Tracing the Boundaries of the Natural: Medicine and the Inquiry on Miracles in Early Modern Canonization Trials.

peer reviewedBetween the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the inquiry on miracles in the canonization process reveals a fundamental cooperation between medicine and religion. During the last stage of the trials, theologians, lawyers, and physicians concurred with refined reports to accomplish full analysis of the alleged miracles. The promoter of the faith had the task of doubting the supposed miracle healing on juridical, medical and theological grounds; the lawyer supporting the cause responded to any inconsistency in witnesses' depositions; the physician had the task of finding any natural causes which could lead to a natural recovery of the subject. The interplay of these tripartite disciplines underlies early modern probation of supposed miracles. In this paper I will examine the institutional and cultural consequences of the demand for evidence in canonization trials: on the one hand, the increasing role of medical experts in the assessment of miracles and the friction between them and the other members of the committee; on the other hand, the rise of a new method of inquiry in the legal arena

Chlamydial heat shock proteins and disease pathology: new paradigms for old problems?

The mucosal pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is a significant cause of sexually transmitted disease. Although most acute infections can be easily managed, complications often occur that can be especially severe in women. It has been proposed that increased exposure to conserved chlamydial antigens, such as through reinfection or persistent infection, results in chronic inflammation and tissue scarring and contributes to the pathogenesis of endometrial and fallopian tube damage. This immunopathologic damage is believed to be a principal cause of ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility. The chlamydial heat shock protein Hsp60, a homolog of Escherichia coli GroEL, has been identified as one protein capable of eliciting intense mononuclear inflammation. Furthermore, several studies have revealed a correlation between Hsp60 responses and the immunopathologic manifestations of human chlamydial disease. The role of additional antigens in the immunopathologic response to chlamydiae is currently undefined. A prime candidate, however, is the chlamydial GroES homolog Hsp10, which is genetically and physiologically linked to Hsp60. Recent studies provide data to suggest that immune reactivity to Hsp10 is significantly associated with tubal infertility in a chlamydiae-exposed population. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a more recently defined chlamydial species that has been implicated in a variety of ways with chronic disease processes, such as adult onset asthma and atherosclerosis. Evidence indicates that Hsp60 is present in human atheroma and may play a role in lesion development by direct activation of macrophages. Hsp60 causes the elaboration of inflammatory cytokines, the induction of metalloproteinase, and the oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Each of these events is directly associated with the progress of atherosclerosis. Thus, chlamydial heat shock proteins may function in at least two ways to promote chronic disease: first by direct antigenic stimulation and second as signal transducers that result in macrophage activation. These concepts in disease pathology are discussed in the context of chlamydial infections

Pengaruh Likuiditas, Kualitas Aset, Sensitivitas Pasar, dan Efisiensi terhadap Profitabilitas pada Bank Pembangunan Daerah Konvensional

Banks are financial institutions that have the function of collecting funds from the public in the form of deposits and channeling them to the public in the form of credit and / in other forms in order to improve people's living standards. This study aims to determine the effect of liquidity ratios, asset quality, market sensitivity, and efficiency simultaneously and partially on Return On Assets (ROA) at Conventional Regional Development Banks. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling, the sample selected banks are West Sumatra Regional Development Bank, DKI Regional Development Bank and East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan Regional Development Banks. This study aims to analyze whether LDR, LAR, IPR, NPL, APB, PDN, IRR, and FBIR simultaneously have a significant effect on ROA. This research uses secondary data which is taken by documentation method. This data is taken from the financial reports published from the Conventional Regional Development Bank in the first quarter, 2015 until second quarter, 2020. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. The results of this study indicate that LDR, LAR, IPR, NPL, APB, PDN, IRR, and FBIR simultaneously have a significant effect on ROA. LDR, IPR and FBIR have a positive and unsignificant effect on ROA. LAR has a significant positive effect on ROA. NPL, APB, PDN and IRR have a negative and unsignificant effect on ROA. Keywords: Liquidity, Asset Quality, Sensitivity, Efficiency and Profitability

PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP PERINGKAT SUKUK DENGAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Pada Perusahaan Penerbit Sukuk Di Daftar Efek Syariah Periode 2014-2019)

ABSTRAK Rating sukuk sangat membantu para investor yang ingin berinvestasi dalam bentuk obligasi, sehingga investor akan mengetahui return yang diperoleh beserta resiko yang ditanggung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas dan profitabilitas secara parsial terhadap peringkat sukuk pada Perusahaan Penerbit Sukuk di Daftar Efek Syariah Periode 2014- 2019, untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas dan profitabilitas secara simultan terhadap peringkat sukuk pada Perusahaan Penerbit Sukuk di Daftar Efek Syariah Periode 2014-2019, dan ntuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas dan profitabilitas melalui kinerja perusahaan sebagai variabel intervening terhadap peringkat sukuk pada Perusahaan Penerbit Sukuk di Daftar Efek Syariah Periode 2014- 2019. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa catatan perusahaan yang sukuknya masih beredar di Daftar Efek Syariah dan catatan perusahaan mengenai rating yang diperingkat oleh PT PEFINDO serta laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan periode 2014-2019 yang sukuk nya menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, likuiditas memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap peringkat sukuk (rating). Hal ini berarti, tingginya rasio ini akan berpengaruh pada meningkatnya rating. Profitabilitas tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap peringkat sukuk (rating), artinya rasio profitabilitas yang dimiliki perusahaan tidak dapat mempengaruhi peringkat sukuk perusahaan tersebut. Likuiditas dan profitabilitas secara simultan atau bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peringkat sukuk (rating), artinya, untuk merating sukuk yang diterbitkan oleh suatu perusahaan melihat dari kinerja atau potensi dari perusahaan tersebut. Jika perusahaan tersebut tergolong kinerja dan potensinya bagus maka sukuk yang diterbitkan akan mendapatkan peringkat bagus pula. Kata Kunci : Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, Peringkat Sukuk, Kinerja Keuangan. ABSTRACT The sukuk rating is very helpful for investors who want to invest in bonds, so that investors will know the returns obtained and the risks borne. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of liquidity and profitability partially on the rating of sukuk on the Sukuk Issuing Companies in the List of Sharia Securities for the 2014-2019 Period, to determine the effect of liquidity and profitability simultaneously on the ratings of sukuk on the Sukuk Issuing Companies in the List of Sharia Securities Period. 2014-2019, and to determine the effect of liquidity and profitability through company performance as an intervening variable on the sukuk rating of the Sukuk Issuing Companies in the List of Sharia Securities for the 2014-2019 Period. The research uses quantitative research methods. The data used in this study are company records whose sukuk are still circulating in the Sharia Securities List and company records regarding the rating rated by PT PEFINDO as well as the annual financial statements of companies for the 2014-2019 period whose sukuk are sampled in this study. The result of this study is that liquidity has a significant positive effect on the sukuk rating (rating). This means, the high ratio will have an effect on increasing the rating. Profitability has no influence on the sukuk rating (rating), meaning that the company's profitability ratios cannot affect the company's sukuk rating. Liquidity and profitability simultaneously or jointly have a significant effect on the sukuk rating (rating), that is, to rate the sukuk issued by a company in view of the performance or potential of the company. If the company is classified as having good performance and potential, the sukuk issued will also get a good rating. Keywords: Liquidity, Profitability, Sukuk Rating, Financial Performance

From Hubble to Bubble

The detection of a stochastic Gravitational Wave (GW) background sourced by a cosmological phase transition would allow us to see the early Universe from a completely new perspective, illuminating aspects of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics and inflationary cosmology. In this study, we investigate whether the evolution of the scalar potential of a minimal SM extension after inflation can lead to a strong first-order phase transition. In particular, we focus on a BSM spectator scalar field that is non-minimally coupled to gravity and has a dynamical double-well potential. As inflation ends, the potential barrier diminishes due to the evolution of the curvature scalar. Therefore, a phase transition can proceed through the nucleation of true-vacuum bubbles that collide as they fill the Universe and produce GWs. We consider high and low scales of inflation, while also taking into account a kination period between inflation and the onset of radiation domination. With this prescription, we showcase a proof-of-concept study of a new triggering mechanism for BSM phase transitions in the early Universe, whose GW signatures could potentially be probed with future detectors.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Hubungan Penerapan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat Dengan Kejadian Diare Anak Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sumbang I

Latar belakang: Diare merupakan penyakit endemik dan KLB fatal yang masih tinggi prevalensi kejadiannya pada balita di Indonesia. Sekitar 1,7 miliar kasus dan 525.000 kematian akibat diare pada balita terjadi setiap tahunnya. Kebanyakan prevalensi kejadian diare berada di negara dengan akses sanitasi dan personal hygene yang kurang. Lebih dari 50% populasi dunia hidup dengan status sanitasi yang tidak layak. Program STBM dalam rangka meningkatkan status sanitasi dan menurunkan kasus diare sudah dilaksanakan, tetapi masih ada wilayah yang belum menerapkan keseluruhan program STBM. Wilayah Puskesmas Sumbang I merupakan salah satu puskesmas di Kabupaten Banyumas dengan tingkat kejadian diare balita tinggi selama tiga tahun terakhir. Wilayah ini turut masuk ke dalam posisi lima terendah penerapan STBM se-Kabupaten Banyumas. Hal ini menjadi pernyataan menarik untuk mengkaji hubungan STBM dengan kejadian diare anak balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sumbang I. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan penerapan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) terhadap kejadian diare pada anak balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sumbang I. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Besar sampel sebanyak 65 anak balita di wilayah penelitian pada bulan Januari – Juni 2023. Hasil: Hasil penelitian dengan uji chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan Stop BABS (p=0,013), CTPS (p<0,001) PAMM (p=0,004) dan tidak ada hubungan PS (p=0,389), PLC (p=0,177) dengan kejadian diare anak balita. Simpulan: Ada hubungan penerapan STBM dapat dikaitkan dengan ketersediaan sarana sanitasi serta perilaku hygiene ibu dan anak balita. Perlunya pendampingan lebih lanjut kepada masyarakat di wilayah penelitian sehingga lebih sadar akan pentingnya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat serta penyediaan sarana sanitasi yang memada