Trusting and Adopting E-Government Services in Developing Countries? Privacy Concerns and Practices in Rwanda

Part 6: Open GovernmentInternational audienceE-government is a strong focus in many developing countries. While services can technically benefit from solutions developed elsewhere, organizational development and user trust and acceptance are always local. In Least Developed Countries (LDCs) such issues become more dramatic as services are transformed quickly from traditional manual procedures to digitized ones copying models from developed countries. One of the most critical trust issues is privacy protection; e-government services must be developed in balance with citizens’ privacy views.To understand how to design trusted services in an LDC this study investigates information privacy concerns, perceptions of privacy practices, trust beliefs and behavior intentions towards using e-government services in Rwanda. The study was conducted by means of a survey (n = 540).A majority of the respondents had a considerable level of trust, and a positive view of the effectiveness of service providers’ privacy practices. Most respondents expressed positive intentions towards using e-government services. Still, a majority of the respondents expressed considerable privacy concerns. Men were more concerned than women and reported a higher reluctance to use e-government service. As this study is one of the few studies of privacy, trust and adoption of e-government in LDC, it contributes to broadening the context in which such issues have been researched

Closing the Loop

Background Two widely used artificial pancreas (AP) control algorithms are the model predictive control (MPC) and the proportional integral derivative (PID) algorithms. Numerous studies across different settings have used both algorithms with positive results, but there has never been a randomized clinical trial directly comparing the effectiveness of each. This study aimed to compare individual-personalized MPC and PID controls under nonideal but comparable clinical conditions. Methods After a pilot safety and feasibility study (n= 10), closed-loop control (CLC) was conducted and evaluated in a randomized, crossover trial that included 20 additional adults with type 1 diabetes. Both the MPC and PID algorithms were compared during supervised 27.5 hour CLC sessions. The algorithms were tested by evaluating control performance following a 65 g dinner, 50 g breakfast, and unannounced..