Physical and chemical properties of some hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal

Worldwide there has been an increase in the demand for dried fruits. In Portugal, hazelnut is the dry fruit with the less cultivated area, however the country has conditions for a good production. This work intended to analyse the physical and chemical properties of seven hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, named Negreta, Gunslebert, Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Butler, Segorbe and Longa de Espanha. For that purpose, hazelnut fruits were evaluated for biometric characteristics, apparent and true densities, colour, texture, nutritional parameters (moisture, ash, lipids content, protein, fibre and water activity), oxidative stability index and specific extinction coefficients (K232, K264, K268 and K272). The results showed that, in general, there were statistically significant differences among the varieties under study. Hazelnuts of variety Longa de Espanha revealed to be more elongated and the variety Butler had heavier fruits, both in shell and kernel. The variety Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell being the kernels of variety Segorbe softer but more resistant to fracture. For all varieties, fat was the major chemical component. The lowest extinction coefficient, K232, was found for Negreta, indicating that this variety presented a lower degree of primary oxidation products. The other specific extinction coefficients were relatively low for all samples. Moreover, Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the higher oxidation stability. This work highlighted the differences in hazelnuts according to the variety, confirming the importance to perform more studies in this area since these results can be very useful in the hazelnut sector.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Are biological species and higher-ranking categories real? Fish folk taxonomy on Brazil’s Atlantic Forest coast and in the Amazon

Analysis of Brazilian fishers' classifications of 24 marine (Atlantic coast) and 24 freshwater (Amazon) fish species reveals that fishers from the Atlantic coast identify fish mainly through generic names (primary lexemes), while riverine Amazonian fishers typically identify them through binomials. The similarity of Amazonian fish species seems to contribute to the detailed folk taxonomy used by riverine fishers. High-ranking groups called "relatives" or "cousins" are sorted by fishers in terms of similarities of habitat, diet, and morphology and, secondarily, behavior. The general correspondence between the folk and scientific taxonomies reinforces the reality of both the supracategories used by these fishers and the biological groups as discontinuities in nature. Given the urgency of biological inventories and the lack of knowledge of high-biodiversity environments such as the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon, these results suggest that fisher knowledge and experience could contribute to scientific research.49229130

The Paraty Artisanal Fishery (southeastern Brazilian Coast): Ethnoecology And Management Of A Social-ecological System (ses)

This study intends to give recommendations to the management of Paraty fishery in Brazil through an interplay of local and scientific knowledge. In particular, the objectives are the following: 1) to describe the Paraty fishery; 2) to compare the fishermen's local ecological knowledge with recorded fish landings and previous studies in Paraty; 3) to combine the data on local fishing and on local/Caiçara livelihoods with the SES (social-ecological systems) Model. The methods include a systematic survey of fishing in Tarituba and Praia Grande, which are located in the northern end and the central part of the Paraty municipality, respectively. For four days each month, systematic data on catches at landing points were collected, as well as macroscopic gonad analysis data for the fishes Centropomus parallelus and C. undecimalis (snook, robalo), Epinephelus marginatus (grouper, garoupa), Scomberomorus cavalla (King mackerel, cavala), and Lutjanus synagris (Lane snapper, vermelho). Spring and summer are important seasons during which some species reproduce, and the integration of fishing periods for some target species could assist in fishing management through the use of closed seasons. Fishermen could obtain complementary earnings from tourism and from the " defeso system" (closed season including a salary payment) to conserve fishing stocks. The SES model facilitates an understanding of the historical context of fishing, its economic importance for local livelihoods, the constraints from conservation measures that affect fishermen, and the management processes that already exist, such as the defeso. If used to integrate fishing with complementary activities (tourism), such a system could improve the responsibility of fishermen regarding the conservation of fish stocks. © 2012 Begossi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.8Acheson, J., The lobster fiefs: economic and ecological effects of territoriality in the Maine lobster industry (1975) Hum Ecol, 3, pp. 183-187Acheson, J., (2003) Capturing the commons, , New England: University Press of New EnglandMcCay, B.J., Acheson, J.M., (1987) The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology ofCommunal Resources, , Tucson: University of Arizona PressJohannes, R.E., (1981) Words of the lagoon Berkeley, , University of California PressJohannes, R.E., The Renaissance of community-based marine resourcemanagementin Oceania (2002) Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 33, pp. 317-340Huntington, H.P., The local perspective (2011) Nature, 478, p. 183Berkes, F., Fishermen and the " Tragedy of the Commons" (1985) Environ Conserv, 12, pp. 199-206Berkes, F., (1989) Common property-resources, , London: Belhaven PressBerkes, F., (2008) Sacred Ecology, Sacred Ecology, , New York and London: Routledge, 2Berkes, F., Shifting perspectives on resource management: Resilience and the Reconceptualization of 'Natural Resources' and 'Management (2010) MAST, 9 (1), pp. 13-40Ostrom, E., (1990) Governing the commons, , Princeton U: PressOstrom, E., (2005) Understanding Institutional Diversity, , Princeton University PressGelcich, S., Hughes, T.P., Olsson, P., FolkeC, D.M., Fernandez, M., Foale, S., Gunderson, L.H., Castilla, J.S., Navigating transformations in governance of Chilean marine coastal resources (2011) PNAS, 107 (39), pp. 16794-16799La Pesca continental enAmaerica Latina: sucontribución económica y social e instrumentos normativos asociados, Documento Ocasional 11. Roma2008 (2008) La pesca continental en América Latina: su contribución económica y social e instrumentos normativos asociados. COPESCAL Documento Ocasional. No. 11. Roma, FAO., , ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/i0160s/i0160s00.pdf, Valbo-Jørgensen J, Soto D, Gumy A, 28p. available at: Copescal/FAOOliveira, L.E.C., Begossi, A., Last Trip Return Rate Influence Patch Choice decisions of small-scale shrimp Trawlers: Optimal foraging in São Francisco, Coastal Brazil (2011) Hum Ecol, 39, pp. 323-332Lopes, P.F., Begossi, A., Decision-making processes by small-scale fishermen on the southeast coast of Brazil (2011) Fish Manag EcolEngels, F., (1987) 1883 (1976). A Dialética da Natureza, , London: Western Philosophy.Penguin Books, Terra Paz e, Janeiro Rio, Hamlyn DWSilvano, R.A.M., Valbo-Jorgensen, J., Beyond fishermeńs tales: contributions of fisherś local ecological knowledge to fish ecology and fisheries management (2008) Environ Dev Sustain, 10, pp. 657-675Ruddle, K., Systems of knowledge: dialogue, relationships and process (2000) Environ Dev Sustain, 3-4, pp. 277-304Ruddle, K., Davis, A., What is " Ecological" in Local Ecological Knowledge?Lessons from Canada and Vietnam (2011) Soc Nat Resour, 0, pp. 1-15Begossi, A., Local knowledge and training towards managementEnvironment, Development, and Sustainability (2008), 10, pp. 591-603Begossi, A., Clauzet, M., Figueiredo, J.L., Garuana, L., Lima, R.V., Lopes, P.F.M., Ramires, M., Silvano, R.A.M., Are Biological Species and Higher-Ranking Categories Real? Fish Folk Taxonomy on Brazil's Atlantic Forest Coast and in the Amazon (2008) Curr Anthropol, 49, pp. 291-306Begossi, A., Temporal stability in fishing spots: conservation and comanagement in Brazilian artisanal coastal fisheries (2006) Ecol Soc, 11 (1), p. 5. , http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1Begossi, A., Salivonchyk, S.V., Araujo, L.C., Andreoli, T.B., Clauzet, M., Martinelli, C.M., Ferreira, A.G.L., Silvano, R.A.M., Ethnobiology of snappers (Lutjanidae): targetspecies and suggestions for management (2011) J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 7, p. 11. , http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/7/1/11, 10.1186/1746-4269-7-11, 3068939, 21410969Begossi, A., May, P.H., Lopes, P.F.M., Oliveira, L.E.C., Vinha, V., Silvano, R.A.M., Compensation for environmental services from artisanal fisheries in SE Brazil: Policy and technical strategies (2011) Ecol Econ, 71, pp. 25-32Silvano, R.A.M., Mac Cord, P.F.M., Lima, R.V., Begossi, A., When does this fish spawn? Fishermen's local knowledge of migration and reproduction of Brazilian coastal fishes (2006) Environ Biol Fishes, 76, pp. 371-386Silvano, R.A.M., Silva, A.L., Ceroni, M., Begossi, A., Contributions of ethnobiology to the conservation of tropical rivers and streams. Aquatic Conserv (2008) Mar Freshw Ecosyst, 18, pp. 241-260Lopes, P.F.M., Silvano, R.A.M., Begossi, A., Extractive and Sustainable Development Reserves in Brazil: resilient alternatives to fisheries (2011) J Environ Plan ManagDiegues, A.C., (2004) Enciclopédia Caiçara, , São Paulo: Hucitec, IthDiegues, A.C., (2005) Enciclopédia Caiçara, , São Paulo: Hucitec, IIIthDiegues, A.C., (2005) Enciclopédia Caiçara, , São Paulo: Hucitec, IVthAcheson, J.M., Anthropology of fishing (1981) Annu Rev Anthropol, , http://cmbc.ucsd.edu/Students/Current_Students/ECON281/Acheson-1981.pdf, Available at:Mangel, M., Clark, C.W., Uncertainty, search and information in fisheries (1983) Journal of the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, 43, pp. 93-103. , http://people.ucsc.edu/~msmangel/ICES.pdf, Available at:Ostrom, E., A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas (2007) PNAS, 39, pp. 15181-15187Begossi, A., Lopes, P.F.M., Oliveira, L.E.C., Nakano, H., (2010) Ecologia de pescadores da baia de Ilha Grande, , São Carlos: RimaBegossi, A., O cerco flutuante e os caiçaras do litoral norte de São Paulo, com ênfase à pesca de Trindade, RJ (2011) Interciencia, 36, pp. 803-807Begossi, A., Silvano, R.A.M., Ecology and ethnoecology of dusky grouper [garoupa, Epinephelus marginatus(Lowe, 1834)] along the coast of Brazil (2008) J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 4, p. 20. , http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/4/1/20, 10.1186/1746-4269-4-20, 2567293, 18793394Silvano, R.A.M., Begossi, A., What can be learned from fishers? An integrated surveyof fishers' local ecological knowledge and bluefish(Pomatomussaltatrix) biology on the Brazilian coast (2010) Hydrobiologia, 637, pp. 3-18Figueiredo, J.L., (1977) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil: introdução, , MZUSP: São PauloFigueiredo, J.L., Menezes, N.A., (1978) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil, II, , MZUSP: São PauloFigueiredo, J.L., Menezes, N.A., (1980) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil, III, , MZUSP: São PauloFigueiredo, J.L., Menezes, N.A., (2000) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil, VI, , MZUSP: São PauloMarcenivk, A.P., (2005) Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 31 (2), pp. 89-101Menezes, N.A., Figueiredo, J.L., (1980) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil, IV (3), , São Paulo: MZUSPMenezes, N.A., Figueiredo, J.L., (1985) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil, V (4), , São Paulo: MZUSPValbo-Jørgensen, J., Poulsen, A.F., Using local knowledge as a research tool in the study of riverfish biology: Experiences from the Mekong (2000) Environ Dev Sustain, 2, pp. 253-276Froese, R., Pauly, D., FishBase (2011) World Wide Web electronic publication, , www.fishbase.org, version (08/2011)Marino, G., Azzurro, E., Finoia, M.G., Messina, M.T., Massari, A., Mandich, A., Reproduction in the dusky grouper from southern Mediterranean (2001) J Fish Biol, 58, pp. 909-927Law, R., Fishing, selection, and phenotypic evolution (2000) ICES J Mar Sci, 57, pp. 659-668Bittencourt, V.F.N., Protecao a pesca do robalo (Centropomus parallelus) na foz do Rio Mambucaba, Angra dos Reis, RJ. Revista Educacaoo Ambiental BE597, UNICAMP (2009), 2. , http://www2.ib.unicamp.br/profs/eco_aplicada/revistas/be597_vol2_6.pdf, Onlinehttp://www.anp.gov.br/brasil-rounds/round7/round7/guias_r7/sismica_r7/defeso.pdfhttp://www.mpa.gov.br/mpa/seap/Jonathan/mpa3/pesca/docs/Defeso-MARINHO-SEPOP-18-out-2011.pdfBegossi, A., The fishers and buyers from Buzios Island: kin ties and mode of production (1996) Ciencia e Cultura, 48, pp. 142-147Begossi, A., The ethnoecology of Caiçarametapopulations (Atlantic Forest, Brazil): ecological concepts and questions (2006) J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 2, p. 40. , http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/2/1/40, 10.1186/1746-4269-2-40, 1592541, 17010204Camargo, E., Begossi, A., (2006) Os diários de campo d Ilha dos Búzios, , São Paulo: Hucitec, 3461001, 23028600Smith, E.A., WishieM, M., Conservation and subsistence in small-scale societies (2000) Annu Rev Anthropol, 29, pp. 493-524Davis, A., Ruddle, K., 2011 Constructing confidence: rational skepticism and systematic enquiryin local ecological knowledge research (2010) Ecol Appl, 20 (3), pp. 880-894. , 10.1890/09-0422.1, 2043797

Abnormal hedgehog pathway in myelodysplastic syndrome and its impact on patients' outcome

sem informação10012e491e493CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOsem informaçãosem informaçã

Zonación vertical de la bioturbación y movimientos en masa en el Banco de Portimão (Golfo de Cádiz, SO de Iberia)

This work presents results from bioturbation intensity and trace fossil analysis of the piston core PC07, recovered at Portimão Bank during the MONTERA cruise in 2012. The aim was to investigate the potential of bioturbation analysis as an indicator for mass movement events. Bioturbation and trace fossil identification was complemented with results from sedimentological analysis (grain-size, carbonates, organic matter), measurements of magnetic fabric parameters (mass magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility), and AMS 14C dating. Considering the vertical zonation of bioturbation, magnetic fabric changes, sedimentology and AMS radiocarbon dating, two intervals were identified, Interval A (0-180 cm) and Interval B (180-356 cm), being the limit between them placed at 180-181cm. These intervals seem to replicate almost the same vertical zonation of bioturbation and the trend of carbonates and organic matter changes downcore. The magnetic fabric parameters (degree of anisotropy – Pj and shape – T of the magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid) show the major change at about 180 cm. Geochronological results indicate that the age of sediments in Interval A is 8590 yr BP (31-32 cm) and 14 300 yr BP (103-104 cm). Otherwise, ages in Interval B are the following: 5035 yr BP (181-182 cm), 8900±50 yr BP (219-220 cm), 18999±120 yr BP (303-305 cm). These results point to the emplacement of sediments of Interval A on top of youngest sediments of Interval due to landsliding. Since no internal deformation is seen, probably this indicates translational movement and short transport from the source.Versión del edito

Phenolic, dietetic fibre and sensorial analyses of apples from regional varieties produced in conventional and biological mode

 Guiné R P F1, Sousa R2, Alves A2, Teixeira L2, Figueiredo C2, Fonseca S2, Soares S2, Sousa I2, Almeida P2, Correia A C2, Jordão A M1, Lopes A D3, Ferreira D1 (1. CI & DETS, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, ESAV, Portugal;2. Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, ESAV, Portugal; 3. Direcção Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Centro, DSAP, DPAP, Viseu, Portugal) Abstract: In the present work apples from eleven regional varieties originating from Portugal were studied in terms of their content in phenolic compounds and dietetic fibres (soluble and insoluble).  In some cases, apples from two different production modes were analysed: conventional and biological.  Some of the most commercialized apples in Portugal were also studied for comparison purposes.  In addition, a sensorial evaluation of some of the varieties was performed.  From the present work it was possible to conclude that the regional varieties studied contain higher amounts of dietetic fibre than those of commercial varieties and other fruits.  With respect to the content in total phenolic compounds, the apples of regional varieties showed values clearly higher than those quantified in commercial varieties, and being concentrated mainly on the peel, then on the seeds, and finally on the pulp.  From the sensorial analyses was possible to infer that the regional varieties which were more appreciated were Bravo de Esmolfe and Camoesa de Alcongosta. Keywords: apple, conventional production, biological production, soluble fibre, insoluble fibre, polyphenols, sensorial analysis, portugal Citation: Guiné R P F, Sousa R, Alves A, Teixeira L, Figueiredo C, Fonseca S, Soares S, Sousa I, Almeida P, Correia A C, Jordão A M, Lopes A D, Ferreira D.  Phenolic, dietetic fibre and sensorial analyses of apples from regional vareties produced in conventional and biological mode.  Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 2010, 12(2): 70-78.   &nbsp

Measurement of single electron emission in two-phase xenon

We present the first measurements of the electroluminescence response to the emission of single electrons in a two-phase noble gas detector. Single ionization electrons generated in liquid xenon are detected in a thin gas layer during the 31-day background run of the ZEPLIN-II experiment, a two-phase xenon detector for WIMP dark matter searches. Both the pressure dependence and magnitude of the single-electron response are in agreement with previous measurements of electroluminescence yield in xenon. We discuss different photoionization processes as possible cause for the sample of single electrons studied in this work. This observation may have implications for the design and operation of future large-scale two-phase systems.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Epidemiology of lobomycosis-like disease in bottlenose dolphins <i>Tursiops</i> spp. from South America and southern Africa

We report on the epidemiology of lobomycosis-like disease (LLD), a cutaneous disorder evoking lobomycosis, in 658 common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from South America and 94 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins T. aduncus from southern Africa. Photographs and stranding records of 387 inshore residents, 60 inshore non-residents and 305 specimens of undetermined origin (inshore and offshore) were examined for the presence of LLD lesions from 2004 to 2015. Seventeen residents, 3 non-residents and 1 inshore dolphin of unknown residence status were positive. LLD lesions appeared as single or multiple, light grey to whitish nodules and plaques that may ulcerate and increase in size over time. Among resident dolphins, prevalence varied significantly among 4 communities, being low in Posorja (2.35%, n = 85), Ecuador, and high in Salinas, Ecuador (16.7%, n = 18), and Laguna, Brazil (14.3%, n = 42). LLD prevalence increased in 36 T. truncatus from Laguna from 5.6% in 2007-2009 to 13.9% in 2013-2014, albeit not significantly. The disease has persisted for years in dolphins from Mayotte, Laguna, Salinas, the Sanquianga National Park and Bahía Málaga (Colombia) but vanished from the Tramandaí Estuary and the Mampituba River (Brazil). The geographical range of LLD has expanded in Brazil, South Africa and Ecuador, in areas that have been regularly surveyed for 10 to 35 yr. Two of the 21 LLD-affected dolphins were found dead with extensive lesions in southern Brazil, and 2 others disappeared, and presumably died, in Ecuador. These observations stress the need for targeted epidemiological, histological and molecular studies of LLD in dolphins, especially in the Southern Hemisphere