Sustainable production of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, depends on effective control of insect pests as they continue to compete with humans for the sorghum crop. Insect pests are a major constraint in sorghum production, and nearly 150 insect species are serious pests of this crop worldwide and cause more than 9% loss annually. Annual losses due to insect pests in sorghum have been estimated to be 1,089millioninthesemiaridtropics(ICRISATAnnualreport1991.InternationalCropResearchInstituteforSemi−aridTropics.Patancheru,AndhraPradesh,India,1992),butdifferinginmagnitudeonaregionalbasis.KeyinsectpestsintheUSAincludethegreenbug,Schizaphisgraminum(Rondani);sorghummidge,Stenodiplosissorghicola(Coquillett);andvariouscaterpillarsintheSouthernareas.Forexample,damagebygreenbugtosorghumisestimatedtocostUSproducers248 million annually. The major insect pests of sorghum on a global basis are the greenbug, sorghum midge, sorghum shoot fly (Atherigona soccata Rond.), stem borers (Chilo partellus Swin. and Busseola fusca Fuller), and armyworms (Mythimna separata Walk and Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith). Recent advances in sorghum genetics, genomics, and breeding have led to development of some cutting-edge molecular technologies that are complementary to genetic improvement of this crop for insect pest management. Genome sequencing and genome mapping have accelerated the pace of gene discovery in sorghum..