Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of porcine insulin zinc suspension in eight diabetic dogs

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of porcine insulin zinc suspension were studied in eight dogs with spontaneous diabetes mellitus and a lack of endogenous insulin, demonstrated by the lack of insulin secretion after an injection of glucagon and confirmed by measurement of the concentration of C-peptide during the pharmacokinetic assessments. After daily subcutaneous injections of porcine insulin zinc suspension, concentrations of insulin and glucose that differed significantly from baseline were identified using the 90 per cent range of differences. In all the dogs there was an initial peak concentration of insulin approximately three hours after the injection and a second peak after approximately nine hours in all but one of them. The serum insulin concentration remained above baseline for a mean of 15·5 hours. The concentration of glucose was reduced significantly after the injections in all except one dog, which was normoglycaemic at baseline. The action of insulin began after approximately three hours and the minimum glucose concentration occurred after approximately eight hours. The median duration of action of the insulin was approximately 14 hours, with a range from 10 to more than 24 hours

Evaluation of day-to-day variability of serial blood glucose concentration curves in diabetic dogs

Objective - To evaluate day-to-day variability of serial blood glucose concentration curves in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Design - Prospective clinical study. Animals - 10 dogs with diabetes mellitus. Procedure - Paired 12-hour serial blood glucose concentration curves performed during 2 consecutive days were obtained on 3 occasions from each dog. Dogs received the same dose of insulin and meal every 12 hours on both days. For each pair of curves, comparison was made between the results of days 1 and 2. Results - Mean absolute difference (without regard to sign) between days 1 and 2 for each parameter was significantly > 0, disproving the hypothesis that there is minimal day-to-day variability of serial blood glucose concentration curves when insulin dose and meals are kept constant. Coefficient of variation of the absolute difference between days 1 and 2 for each parameter ranged from 68 to 103%. Evaluation of the paired curves led to an opposite recommendation for adjustment of the insulin dose on day 2, compared with day 1, on 27% of occasions. Disparity between dosage recommendations was more pronounced when glucose concentration nadir was < 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) on 1 or both days. In this subset of 20 paired curves, an opposite recommendation for dosage adjustment was made on 40% of occasions. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - There is large day-to-day variation in parameters of serial blood glucose concentration curves in diabetic dogs. Day-to-day variability of serial blood glucose concentration curves has important clinical implications, particularly in dogs with good glycemic control

Redefining the reference interval for plasma creatinine in dogs: Effect of age, gender, body weight, and breed.

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