Inhibitory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis on Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steel in Chloride Media

This work evaluates the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on the corrosion of AISI 409 stainless steel (SS) in chloride media. Additions of 100, 200, and 500 μL of EEP in an aqueous sodium chloride solution were performed. The inhibitory effect on the SS was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements up to 720 hours in immersion. EEP additions of 200 μL and 500 μL increased the polarization resistance of the SS. After 720 hours of immersion, the highest impedance was identified for the SS in solution with 500 μL of EEP. The maximum inhibition efficiency observed for addition of 500 μL of EEP in solution was 98.1 %, after 360 h of immersion. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

TiO2 Sol-gel Coating as a Transducer Substrate for Impedimetric Immunosensors

Given the importance of the transducer elements in the performance of sensors for various applications, as well as the growing search for devices that are capable of providing the response in shorter time, in this work, titanium dioxide was examined as a candidate for application in an electrochemical biosensor. A TiO2 coating deposited by sol-gel method on a silicon wafer was obtained with an anatase crystalline structure, as an n-type semiconductor with donor density equal to 2.954 · 1017 cm–3. Its surface was functionalized to be tested as a biosensor to detect snake venom of the Bothrops genera, and each step of the functionalization was investigated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic voltammetry. Despite being less sensitive than the reference method ELISA, the TiO2-based biosensor was also capable of detecting the analyte of interest at 20 μg mL–1, revealing an increase in its leakage resistance and phase shift after incubation in this solution. Furthermore, the total time for carrying out the biodetection with the TiO2-coated device (41.24 ± 0.05 min) was estimated to be approximately 80 % shorter than that required by the labelled standard assay, which indicates that TiO2 is a promising electrochemical transducer for biosensing applications. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Exploring manufacturing process and degradation products of gilt and painted leather

In this work, we studied the manufacturing processes and the conservation state of gilt and painted leather fragments from Palazzo Chigi in Ariccia (Italy) by using different analytical techniques. Leather fragments present a silver leaf superimposed onto leather support. A gold varnish and different painted layers decorate it all. A top-down analytical approach was used to investigate this complex multilayer structure, which adopted techniques with different sampling depths. Organic and inorganic constitutive materials together with related degradation products were studied by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF). The findings have revealed the presence of different elements and species as calcium and iron in the leather support, which was attributed to the un-hairing process in the leather tanning. Regarding what concerns the silver leaf, where the varnish cracked, silver chlorides, oxides, and sulfides were detected as degradation products of the silver leaf. Proteinaceous compounds were also identified where the silver leaf is unprotected by the varnish. These ion signals reveal a potential use of animal glue on both sides of the silver leaf to promote durable adhesion. In the gold varnish, the surface analysis revealed organic compounds such as resins and oils. In particular, the copresence of linoleic, arachidonic, and lignoceric acid ion signals in the yellow area suggests the use of aloe as a colorant. Lead ions in the same area were detected and attributed to the use of lead as siccative. Blue areas were obtained by using indigo and lead white in addition to an oil binder. This is confirmed by the detection of indigotin, fatty acid, and lead soap ion signals. A copper-based pigment was used to depict the green areas and copper oxalates were identified as its degradation products. Lastly, no significant information about the red colorant was obtained. Colophony is present as a component of the final varnish

Fontes proteicas no suplemento concentrado de ovinos em pastejo.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes fontes proteicas no suplemento concentrado de ovinos mantidos em pastagens irrigadas de Tifton 85

Text Line Segmentation of Historical Documents: a Survey

There is a huge amount of historical documents in libraries and in various National Archives that have not been exploited electronically. Although automatic reading of complete pages remains, in most cases, a long-term objective, tasks such as word spotting, text/image alignment, authentication and extraction of specific fields are in use today. For all these tasks, a major step is document segmentation into text lines. Because of the low quality and the complexity of these documents (background noise, artifacts due to aging, interfering lines),automatic text line segmentation remains an open research field. The objective of this paper is to present a survey of existing methods, developed during the last decade, and dedicated to documents of historical interest.Comment: 25 pages, submitted version, To appear in International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, On line version available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/k2813176280456k3

Resistência de cultivares e linhagens avançadas de arroz irrigado à queima da bainha em casa de vegetação e no campo.

No presente estudo foi feita a comparação do grau de resistência de linhagens e cultivares de arroz avaliadas em casa de vegetação e no campo em ensaios realizados em Formoso do Araguaia no Tocantins e em Goianira, Goiás

Resistência de cultivares e linhagens avançadas de arroz irrigado à queima da bainha em casa de vegetação e no campo.

No presente estudo, foi feita a comparação do grau de resistência de linhagens e cultivares de arroz avaliadas em casa de vegetação e no campo em ensaios realizados em Formoso do Araguaia, no Tocantins, e em Goianira, Goiás