Impacto de la Proporción de Sexos en Aspectos Reproductivos del Acocil Cambarellus montezumae

Background: The exploitation of aquaculture resources, such as the freshwather crayfish C. montezumae (Mexican endemic crustacean), is related with fertility of females due to the available number of postlarvae that can be cultivated. Goals: To evaluate the impact on reproductive aspects of the sex ratio C. montezumae in relation to obtained postlarvae. Methods: The impact of three sex ratio of males and females in the number of ovigerous females, fertility, fecundity, hatching time and the relation between these variables was determinate under laboratory conditions. Results: The analysis of variance shows that sex ratio 1:1 produced the highest number of ovigerous females (61) and a higher number of postlarvae (2451). When comparing the average fecundity (37 eggs per female) and the mean hatching percentage (97.96%), no significant differences between treatments were obtained. Females of first reproduction influenced the absence of linear relationships between size (weight and length) and reproductive aspects evaluated (fecundity and fertility). Conclusions: The sex ratio 1:1 is set as the optimum to get the highest number of postlarvae. The absence of linear relationship between size and studied variables provides the opportunity to study the influence of second breeding females to determine the technical conditions of higher postlarvae production in this specie.  Antecedentes: El aprovechamiento de los recursos acuicolas como el acocil de rio C. montezumae (crustáceo endemico mexicano) se relaciona con la fertilidad de las hembras por el numero disponible de postlarvas que se puedan cultivar. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la proporcion de sexos en aspectos reproductivos del acocil C. montezumae en relacion a la obtencion de postlarvas. Métodos: En condiciones de laboratorio se determino el impacto de tres proporciones de machos y hembras en el numero de hembras ovigeras, fertilidad, fecundidad, tiempo de eclosion y la relacion entre dichos aspectos. Resultados: El analisis de varianza de la proporcion de sexos 1:1 produjo el mayor numero de hembras ovigeras (61) y por tanto, una cantidad mas elevada de postlarvas (2451). Al comparar la fecundidad promedio (37 huevos por hembra) y la eclosion media porcentual (97.96 %) no se registraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos debido a que se utilizaron hembras de primera reproduccion con tallas similares, lo cual es sustentado con la ausencia de relaciones lineales entre la talla (peso y longitud), y los aspectos reproductivos valorados (fecundidad y fertilidad). Conclusiones: La proporcion 1:1 se establece como la optima para obtener el mayor numero de postlarvas. La ausencia de una relacion lineal entre la talla y los aspectos valorados proporcionan la oportunidad de estudiar la influencia de hembras de segunda reproduccion para determinar las condiciones técnicas de mayor produccion de postlarvas en la especie estudiada

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2