In vitro evaluation of neutral oximes as reactivators of parathion-inhibited electric eel acetylcholinesterase

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) commonly used as pesticides and, unfortunately, as nerve agents in terrorist attacks. These compounds are highly soluble easily crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Clinically, oximes such as pralidoxime and obidoxime are used for the reactivation of AChE. These oximes are not sufficiently effective to reactivate AChE inhibited by different OPs besides the fact that they are permanently charged and do not readily cross the BBB. This work evaluated the ability of ten neutral oximes to reactivate parathion-inhibited eel AChE. Because oximes can bind to AChE as reversible inhibitors, this property was also evaluated, with pralidoxime (2-PAM) used as a reference compound. Unlike 2-PAM, which inhibited AChE in a concentration-dependent manner, neutral oximes were not good inhibitors of AChE. Neutral ligands can present affinity for the PAS site. Neutral oximes 1 and 2 (200 mM) reactivated parathion-inhibited eel AChE by 9% and 11%, respectively; but neither of them surpassed the reactivation efficacy of 2-PAM (25%). Neutral oximes 1 and 2 reactivated AChE at a safe concentration for humans. Both neutral oximes 1 and 2 are good non-quaternary moieties for the synthesis of conjugates with enhanced reactivation potency and BBB penetration

O impacto da revascularização carotídea sobre a função cognitiva

The concept that carotid disease may compromise cognitive function was initially proposed by Fisher in 1951, based on an autopsy case. However, some topics involving cognitive function remain controversial, such as its correlation with carotid obstructive disease. So, the authors of this review evaluate the impact of carotid revascularization on cognitive function and the repercussions of the revascularization technique (carotid stenting vs. endarterectomy) chosen. It was clear from the literature reviewed that carotid stenosis is related to a decline in cognitive function over time. However, controversy still remains over the impact of carotid revascularization on cognitive function. With elation to the technique employed (carotid stenting vs. endarterectomy), the majority of studies found no difference between the two techniques in terms of overall cognitive outcome.The concept that carotid disease may compromise cognitive function was initially proposed by Fisher in 1951, based on an autopsy case. However, some topics involving cognitive function remain controversial, such as its correlation with carotid obstructive132116122sem informaçãosem informaçãoLal, B.K., Cognitive function after carotid artery revascularization (2007) Vasc Endovasc Surg, 41 (1), pp. 5-13. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538574406297253, PMid:17277237Fisher, C., Senile dementia - A new explanation of its causation (1951) Arch Neurol, 65, pp. 1-7Carrea, R., Molins, M., Murphy, G., Surgery of spontaneous thrombosis of internal carotid in the neckcarotid-carotid anastomosiscase report and analysis of the literature on surgical cases (1955) Medicina (B. Aires), 15, pp. 20-29Debakey, M.E., Successful carotid endarterectomy for cerebrovascular insufficiency. Nineteen-year follow-up (1975) JAMA, 233, pp. 1083-1085. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1975.03260100053020, PMid:1174155Eastcott, H.H., Pickering, G.W., Rob, C.G., Reconstruction of internal carotid artery in a patient with intermittent attacks of hemiplegia (1954) Lancet, 267, pp. 994-996. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(54)90544-9Feliziani, F.T., Polidori, M.C., De Rango, P., Cognitive performance in elderly patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting: A twelve-month follow-up study (2010) Cerebrovasc Dis, 30, pp. 244-251. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000319066, PMid:20664257Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Kelly-Hayes, M., The lifetime risk of stroke: Estimates from the Framingham study (2006) Stroke, 37, pp. 345-350. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000199613.38911.b2, PMid:16397184Hachinski, V., The 2005 Thomas Willis lecture: Stroke and vascular cognitive impairment - A transdisciplinary, translational and transactional approach (2007) Stroke, 38, p. 1396. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000260101.08944.e9, PMid:17347469Desmond, D.W., Moroney, J.T., Sano, M., Stern, Y., Incidence of dementia after ischemic stroke: Results of a longitudinal study (2002) Stroke, 33, pp. 2254-2260. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000028235.91778.95, PMid:12215596Rao, S.M., Leo, G.J., Ellington, L., Nauertz, T., Bernardin, L., Unverzagt, F., Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. II. Impact on employment and social functioning (1991) Neurology, 41, pp. 692-696. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.41.5.692, PMid:1823781Chaytor, N., Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., The ecological validity of neuropsychological tests: A review of the literature on everyday cognitive skills (2003) Neuropsychol Rev, 13, pp. 181-197. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:NERV.0000009483.91468.fb, PMid:15000225Hachinski, V., Iadecola, C., Petersen, R.C., National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards (2006) Stroke, 37, pp. 2220-2241. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000237236.88823.47, PMid:16917086Rasmussen, L.S., Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Incidence and prevention (2006) Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 20, pp. 315-330. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2005.10.011, PMid:16850780Vermeer, S.E., Prins, N.D., Den Heijer, T., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P.J., Breteler, M.B., Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline (2003) N Engl J Med, 348, pp. 1215-1222. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022066, PMid:12660385Mosley, T.H., Jr., Knopman, D.S., Catellier, D.J., Cerebral MRI findings and cognitive functioning: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (2005) Neurology, 64, pp. 2056-2062. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000165985.97397.88, PMid:15985571Longstreth, W.T., Jr., Bernick, C., Manolio, T.A., Bryan, N., Jungreis, C.A., Price, T.R., Lacunar infarcts defined by magnetic resonance imaging of 3660 elderly people: The Cardiovascular Health Study (1998) Arch Neurol, 55, pp. 1217-1225. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.55.9.1217Capoccia, L., Sbarigia, E., Rizzo, A., Mansour, W., Speziale, F., Silent stroke and cognitive decline in asymptomatic carotid stenosis revascularization (2012) Vascular, 20 (4), pp. 181-187. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/vasc.2011.oa0342, PMid:22734086Braekken, S.K., Russell, D., Brucher, R., Abdelnoor, M., Svennevig, J.L., Cerebral microembolic signals during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Frequency, time of occurrence, and association with patient and surgical characteristics (1997) Stroke, 28, pp. 1988-1992. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.28.10.1988, PMid:9341708Braekken, S.K., Endresen, K., Russell, D., Brucher, R., Kjekshus, J., Influence of guidewire and catheter type on the frequency of cerebral microembolic signals during left heart catheterization (1998) Am J Cardiol, 82, pp. 632-637. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00407-XBraekken, S.K., Reinvang, I., Russell, D., Brucher, R., Svennevig, J.L., Association between intraoperative cerebral microembolic signals and postoperative neuropsychological deficit: Comparison between patients with cardiac valve replacement and patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 65, pp. 573-576. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.65.4.573, PMid:9771790Sylivris, S., Levi, C., Matalanis, G., Pattern and significance of cerebral microemboli during coronary artery bypass grafting (1998) Ann Thorac Surg, 66, pp. 1674-1678. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00891-1Laza, C., Popescu, B.O., Popa, M., Microemboli detection in patients with carotid artery stenting--a potential marker for future cognitive impairment? (2013) J Neurol Sci, 326 (1-2), pp. 96-99. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2013.01.025, PMid:23403326Crawley, F., Stygall, J., Lunn, S., Harrison, M., Brown, M.M., Newman, S., Comparison of microembolism detected by transcranial Doppler and neuropsychological sequelae of carotid surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (2000) Stroke, 31, pp. 1329-1334. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.6.1329, PMid:10835452Jordan, W.D., Jr., Voellinger, D.C., Doblar, D.D., Plyushcheva, N.P., Fisher, W.S., McDowell, H.A., Microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler monitoring in patients during carotid angioplasty versus carotid endarterectomy (1999) Cardiovasc Surg, 7, pp. 33-38. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-2109(98)00097-0Wolf, O., Heider, P., Heinz, M., Microembolic signals detected by transcranial doppler sonography during carotid endarterectomy and correlation with serial diffusionweighted imaging (2004) Stroke, 35, pp. e373-e375. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000143184.69343.ec, PMid:15388901Ghogawala, Z., Westerveld, M., Amin-Hanjani, S., Cognitive outcomes after carotid revascularization: The role of cerebral emboli and hypoperfusion (2008) Neurosurg, pp. 385-395. , PMid:18382316Ringelstein, E.B., Droste, D.W., Babikian, V.L., Consensus on microembolus detection by TCD. International Consensus Group on Microembolus Detection (1998) Stroke, 29, pp. 725-729. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.29.3.725, PMid:9506619Gaunt, M.E., Smith, J.L., Bell, P.R., Martin, P.J., Naylor, A.R., Microembolism and hemodynamic changes in the brain during carotid endarterectomy (1994) Stroke, 25, pp. 2504-2505. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.25.12.2504, PMid:7974598Chen, C.I., Iguchi, Y., Garami, Z., Analysis of emboli during carotid stenting with distal protection device (2006) Cerebrovasc Dis, 21, pp. 223-228. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000091218, PMid:16446534Gupta, N., Corriere, M.A., Dodson, T.F., The incidence of microemboli to the brain is less with endarterectomy than percutaneous revascularization with distal filters or flow reversal (2011) J Vasc Surg, 53, pp. 316-322. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.08.063, PMid:21129899Capoccia, L., Speziale, F., Gazzetti, M., Comparative study on carotid revascularization(endarterectomy vs stenting) using markers of cellular brain injury, neuropychometric tests, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (2010) J Vasc Surg, 51, pp. 584-592. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2009.10.079, PMid:20045614Roh, H.G., Byun, H.S., Ryoo, J.W., Prospective analysis of cerebral infarction after carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stent placement by using diffusion-weighted imaging (2005) Am J Neuroradiol, 26, pp. 376-384. , PMid:15709140Rapp, J.H., Wakil, L., Sawhney, R., Subclinical embolization after carotid artery stenting:New lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging occur postprocedure (2007) J Vasc Surg, 45, pp. 867-874. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2006.12.058, PMid:17376643Hauth, E.A., Jansen, C., Drescher, R., MR and clinical follow-up of diffusion-weighted cerebral lesions after carotid artery stenting (2005) Am J Neuroradiol, 26, pp. 2336-2344. , PMid:16219842Fearn, S.J., Pole, R., Wesnes, K., Faragher, E.B., Hooper, T.L., McCollum, C.N., Cerebral injury during cardiopulmonary bypass: Emboli impair memory (2001) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 121, pp. 1150-1160. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2001.114099, PMid:11385383Sasoh, M., Ogasawara, K., Kuroda, K., Effects of EC-IC bypass surgery on cognitive impairment in patients with hemodynamic cerebral ischemia (2003) Surg Neurol, 59, pp. 455-460. , discussion 460-453Younkin, D., Hungerbuhler, J.P., O’connor, M., Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis: Effects on vascular, neurologic, and neuropsychological functions (1985) Neurology, 35, pp. 462-469. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.35.4.462, PMid:3982632Marshall, R.S., Lazar, R.M., Pile-Spellman, J., Recovery of brain function during induced cerebral hypoperfusion (2001) Brain, 124, pp. 1208-1217. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.6.1208, PMid:11353736Borroni, B., Tiberio, G., Bonardelli, S., Is mild vascular cognitive impairment reversible? Evidence from a study on the effect of carotid endarterectomy (2004) Neurol Res, 26, pp. 594-597. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/016164104225016245, PMid:15265280Costin, M., Rampersad, A., Solomon, R.A., Connolly, E.S., Heyer, E.J., Cerebral injury predicted by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography but not electroencephalography during carotid endarterectomy (2002) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol, 14, pp. 287-292. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008506-200210000-00003, PMid:12357085 PMCid:PMC2435244Heyer, E.J., Adams, D.C., Solomon, R.A., Neuropsychometric changes in patients after carotid endarterectomy (1998) Stroke, 29, pp. 1110-1115. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.29.6.1110, PMid:9626280 PMCid:PMC2435204Ogasawara, K., Inoue, T., Kobayashi, M., Cognitive impairment associated with intraoperative and postoperative hypoperfusion without neurologic deficits in a patient undergoing carotid endarterectomy (2006) Surg Neurol, 65, pp. 577-581. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2005.07.011, PMid:16720178Lund, C., Hol, P.K., Lundblad, R., Comparison of cerebral embolization during off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (2003) Ann Thorac Surg, 76, pp. 765-770. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00679-9, discussion 770Sundt, T.M., Sharbrough, F.W., Piepgras, D.G., Kearns, T.P., Messick, J.M., O’Fallon, W.M., Correlation of cerebral blood flow and electroencephalographic changes during carotid endarterectomy: With results of surgery and hemodynamics of cerebral ischemia (1981) Mayo Clin Proc, 56, pp. 533-543. , PMid:7266064Halsey, J.H., Risks and benefits of shunting in carotid endarterectomy. The International Transcranial Doppler Collaborators (1992) Stroke, 23, pp. 1583-1587. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.23.11.1583Lawrence, P.F., Alves, J.C., Jicha, D., Bhirangi, K., Dobrin, P.B., Incidence, timing, and causes of cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy with regional anesthesia (1998) J Vasc Surg, 27, pp. 329-337. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70363-5Calderon-Arnulphi, M., Alaraj, A., Amin-Hanjani, S., Detection of cerebral ischemia in neurovascular surgery using quantitative frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (2007) J Neurosurg, 106, pp. 283-290. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.2.283, PMid:17410713White, P.F., Use of cerebral monitoring during anaesthesia. Effect on recovery profile (2006) Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 20, pp. 181-189. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2005.08.001, PMid:16634424Mendelsohn, F.O., Weissman, N.J., Lederman, R.J., Acute hemodynamic changes during carotid artery stenting (1998) Am J Cardiol, 82, pp. 1077-1081. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00562-1Trocciola, S.M., Chaer, R.A., Lin, S.C., Analysis of parameters associated with hypotension requiring vasopressor support after carotid angioplasty and stenting (2006) J Vasc Surg, 43, p. 714. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.12.008, PMid:16616226Gupta, R., Abou-Chebl, A., Bajzer, C.T., Schumacher, H.C., Yadav, J.S., Rate, predictors, and consequences of hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol, 47, pp. 1538-1543. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.079, PMid:16630988Park, B., Shapiro, D., Dahn, M., Arici, M., Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting and postprocedure hypotension (2005) Am J Surg, 190, pp. 691-695. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.07.004, PMid:16226941Connolly, E.S., Winfree, C.J., Rampersad, A., Serum S100B protein levels are correlated with subclinical neurocognitive declines after carotid endarterectomy (2001) Neurosurg, 49, pp. 1076-1083Lunn, S., Crawley, F., Harrison, M.J., Brown, M.M., Newman, S.P., Impact of carotid endarterectomy upon cognitive functioning. A systematic review of the literature (1999) Cerebrovasc Dis, 9, pp. 74-81. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000015901, PMid:9973649Irvine, C.D., Gardner, F.V., Davies, A.H., Lamont, P.M., Cognitive testing in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (1998) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 15, pp. 195-204. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1078-5884(98)80176-7Heyer, E.J., Sharma, R., Rampersad, A., A controlled prospective study of neuropsychological dysfunction following carotid endarterectomy (2002) Arch Neurol, 59, pp. 217-222. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.2.217, PMid:11843692 PMCid:PMC2435245Hobson, R.W., Update on the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stent Trial (CREST) protocol (2002) J Am Coll Surg, 194 (1), pp. S9-14. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1072-7515(01)01078-XXu, G., Liu, X., Meyer, J.S., Yin, Q., Zhang, R., Cognitive performance after carotid angioplasty and stenting with brain protection devices (2007) Neurol Res, 29, pp. 251-255. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/016164107X159216, PMid:17178010Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS):A randomised trial (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1729-1737. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04893-5, No authors listedGrunwald, I., Suppurian, T., Struffert, T., Falkai, P., Krick, C., Politi, M., Cognitive Changes after Carotid Artery Stenting (2006) Neuroradiology, 48, pp. 319-323. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-006-0064-5, PMid:16703361Mlekusch, W., Mlekusch, I., Haumer, M., Kopp, C.W., Lehrner, J., Ahmadi, R., Improvement of neurocognitive function after protected carotid artery stenting (2008) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 71 (1), pp. 114-119. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.21407, PMid:18098213Gaudet, J.G., Meyers, P.M., McKinsey, J.F., Incidence of moderate to severe cognitive dysfunction in patients treated with carotid artery stenting (2009) Neurosurgery, 65 (2), pp. 325-329. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000349920.69637.78, discussion 329-30, PMid:19625912 PMCid:PMC2716040Lal, B.K., Younes, M., Cruz, G., Kapadia, I., Jamil, Z., Pappas, P.J., Cognitive changes after surgery vs stenting for carotid artery stenosis (2011) J Vasc Surg, 54 (3), pp. 691-698. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.03.253, PMid:21700413Takaiwa, A., Hayashi, N., Kuwayama, N., Akioka, N., Kubo, M., Endo, S., Changes in cognitive function during the 1-year period following endarterectomy and stenting of patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis (2009) Acta Neurochir, 151, pp. 1593-1600. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-009-0420-4, PMid:19533017Zhou, W., Hitchner, E., Gillis, K., Prospective neurocognitive evaluation of patients undergoing carotid interventions (2012) J Vasc Surg, 56 (6), pp. 1571-1578. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.092, PMid:22889720 PMCid:PMC3508143Altinbas, A., Van Zandvoort, M.J., Van Den Berg, E., Cognition after carotid endarterectomy or stenting: A randomized comparison (2011) Neurology, 77 (11), pp. 1084-1090. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822e55b9, PMid:21880992Witt, K., Börsch, K., Daniels, C., Neuropsychological consequences of endarterectomy and endovascular angioplasty with stent placement for treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis: A prospective randomised study (2007) J Neurol, 254 (11), pp. 1524-1532. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-007-0576-x, PMid:17657403A noção de que a doença carotídea pode comprometer a função cognitiva foi proposta inicialmente por Fisher, em 1951, baseado em um caso de necropsia. Porém, alguns tópicos envolvendo a função cognitiva permanecem controversos, tais como sua correlação

Modelagem tridimensional do edifício Acaiaca: avaliação bioclimática de uma obra modernista brasileira

CIES2020 - XVII Congresso Ibérico e XIII Congresso Ibero-americano de Energia SolarRESUMO: Delfim Amorim, arquiteto modernista do edifício Acaica, utilizou arranjos bioclimáticos construtivos (peitoril ventilado, generosas aberturas, brises verticais fixos e cobogós), a fim de otimizar o aproveitamento dos recursos naturais (ventilação natural e iluminação natural) dentro do edifício e promover o conforto ambiental aos usuários. O objetivo do artigo é através da modelagem tridimensional do edifício Acaiaca (utilizando o software Blender), avaliar os arranjos construtivos, que possam promover a qualidade bioclimática do edifício. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi realizado o percurso metodológico: Coleta documental e pesquisa bibliográfica do Acaiaca; Visita ao edifício; Aprofundamento teórico sobre qualidade ambiental e arquitetura bioclimática; Análise da qualidade ambiental do Acaiaca. Constatou-se que o edifício possui uma série de dispositivos bioclimários, o que contribuiria no controle do desperdício de energia e na qualidade ambiental do edifício, no entanto alguns moradores interviram nesses arranjos obstruindo as aberturas (peitoril ventilado e brises verticais), modificando o desempenho do edifício.ABSTRACT: Delfim Amorim, modernist architect of the Acaica building, used constructive bioclimatic arrangements (ventilated sill, generous openings, fixed vertical windshields and cobogós), in order to optimize the use of natural resources (natural ventilation and natural lighting) within the building and promote comfort to users. The objective of the article is through the three-dimensional modeling of the Acaiaca building (using the Blender software), to evaluate the construction arrangements, which can promote the building's bioclimatic quality. For the development of the research, the methodological path was carried out: Documentary collection and bibliographic research of Acaiaca; Visit to the building; Theoretical deepening on environmental quality and bioclimatic architecture; Analysis of the environmental quality of Acaiaca. It was found that the building has a series of bioclimatic devices, which would contribute to the control of energy waste and the environmental quality of the building, however some residents intervened in these arrangements by blocking the openings (ventilated sill and vertical breezes), modifying the performance of the building.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Uma Análise Comparativa De Parâmetros Do Doppler Transcraniano Adquiridos Durante A Colocação De Stent Carotídeo E Endarterectomia Carotídea Por Semieversão

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) have both been proposed for treatment of critical atherosclerotic stenosis located at the carotid bifurcation. Monitoring of hyperintense microembolic signals (MES) by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is considered a method of quality control, both in CEA and in CAS. Objective: To analyze temporal distribution of MES throughout both semi-eversion CEA and CAS procedures and to evaluate changes in mean velocity of blood flow through the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA). Method: Thirty-three procedures (17 CEA and 16 CAS) were prospectively monitored using TCD and the data were related to three different stages of surgery (pre-cerebral protection, during cerebral protection and post-cerebral protection). Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA and contrast tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The MES were uniformly distributed in the CEA group, but not in the CAS group (p = 0.208). The number of MES was higher in the CAS group in all stages. The average flow in the MCA was similarly lower in both groups during the protection stage. Conclusion: CEA provoked a lower incidence of MES per procedure than CAS in all stages. The behavior of the averages of the mean of blood flow through the MCA was similar in both groups. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular. All rights reserved.15319720

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O uso do lúdico no ensino de química para deficientes visuais ou baixa visão: utilização da tabela FD14

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014A tabela Periódica organizada e elaborada com características puramente visuais como formato, distribuição, cor, símbolos, informações numéricas e propriedades com seguimentos distintos, acaba por excluir de uma vez o deficiente visual. A tabela FD14 ® apresenta uma proposta onde o aluno, poderá coletar todas as informações contidas em uma tabela periódica em formato de jogo, sendo a mesma, o principal instrumento na aprendizagem da química. O modelo de ferramenta proposto foi utilizado por um aluno do 1o ano do Ensino Médio de 15 anos, deficiente visual desde seu nascimento e inserido no Ensino Médio regular no Col. Est. Eurídes Brandão. Para êxito da proposta, “João” conseguiu identificar sem qualquer tipo de auxílio todas as informações que um aluno visual teria acesso, num processo realmente inclusiv

Efeitos da atividade física sobre densidade mineral óssea de mulheres saudáveis na pré-menopausa

Study Design: Sistematic review of literature.Aims: Physical activity is an important stimulus to increase bone mineral density (BMD). Whereby the resistance of the bone is associated with BMD, microstructure and material properties, improvements in bone mass are important to prevent osteoporosis in old ages. Despite many studies on the subject, there is no consensus on what is the best type of exercise, intensity and frequency for improvements in osteogenesis and promotion of BMD gain. This study aimed to investigate the types of physical activities that results in better osteogenic effects on increasing BMD in healthy premenopausal women.Methodology: We searched scientific articles in Pubmed and Science Direct databases published in the last ten years. We selected controlled studies which used high-impact activities or resistance training. We used systematic analysis of the selected articles.Results: Fifteen articles were included in this review, which were separated into two groups according to the type of exercise. We performed a comparative analysis of the methods used and the results achieved. There were more efficient protocols using high impact exercise even if it was a short-term program resulting in increased BMD in the proximal femur (femoral neck and intertrochanteric region).Conclusion: There were fewer studies observing increases in BMD at the lumbar spine when resistance exercise with load or high impact loads were used. Most experimental protocols performed in relatively short-term programs (6 months) demonstrated that exercise programs that were simple, easy to perform, and not using special devices are sufficient to promote bone remodeling at specific sites resulting in increased BMD.in increased BMD.Modelo de estudo: Revisão sistemática da literatura.Objetivo: A atividade física representa um importante estímulo ao aumento da densidade mineral óssea (DMO). Como a resistência dos ossos está associada tanto a DMO, quanto a microestrutura e propriedades do material, melhorias na massa óssea são importantes na prevenção de osteoporose na idade mais avançada. Apesar de muitos estudos sobre o tema, não existe consenso sobre qual seria o melhor tipo de atividade física, intensidade e frequência para melhorias na osteogênese e promoção do ganho de DMO. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os tipos de atividades físicas com melhor efeito osteogênico de aumento da DMO em mulheres saudáveis na pré-menopausa.Metodologia: Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos nas bases de dados Pubmed e Direct Science publicados nos últimos dez anos. Foram selecionados estudos controlados com exercícios de alto impacto e resistido. Utilizou-se análise sistematizada dos artigos selecionados.Resultados: Foram incluídos 15 artigos nesta revisão, os quais foram separados em dois grupos, conforme o tipo de exercício. Foi realizada análise comparativa de metodologias utilizadas e resultados alcançados. Constatou-se maior eficiência do protocolo de exercício de alto impacto, mesmo em curtoperíodo de execução para aumento da DMO do fêmur proximal (colo femoral e região intertrocantérica). Em menor frequência, foi observado aumento da DMO na coluna lombar quando exercícios resistidos ou de impactos maiores foram usados.Conclusões: A maioria dos artigos executou protocolo experimental em período relativamente curto (6 meses), demonstrando que programas de exercícios simples, de fácil execução, curto período de aplicação e sem uso de aparelhos específicos são suficientes para promover remodelação óssea emsítios específicos com aumento da DMO

Age Constraints on Brane Models of Dark Energy

Inspired by recent developments in particle physics, the so-called brane world cosmology seems to provide an alternative explanation for the present dark energy problem. In this paper, we use the estimated age of high-$z$ objects to constrain the value of the cosmological parameters in some particular scenarios based on this large scale modification of gravity. We show that such models are compatible with these observations for values of the crossover distance between the 4 and 5 dimensions of the order of $r_c \leq 1.67H_o^{-1}$.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Does The Pain Disturb The Respiratory Function After Heart Surgeries? [a Dor Interfere Na Função Respiratória Após Cirurgias Cardíacas?]

Objective: The postoperative pain after heart surgeries had been often reported. Meager reports about respiratory function and pain correlation had been reported. The aim of this study is to assess the pain intensity and location during hospital stay and its effect on respiratory function in patients undergone elective heart surgery. Methods: Respiratory function (lung volumes, respiratory muscle strength and peak expiratory flow) was assessed at the preoperative and postoperative times (1, 3 and 5 days) by ventilometer, manovacuometer and peak flow meter measurements. The assessment of pain intensity was performed with a visual analogue scale for pain. Results: The majority of pain site was on sternotomy incision (50% of patients) and the intensity was higher at the first postoperative day (8.32 by visual scale measurement). All respiratory variables remained lower than to preoperative period at fifth postoperative time (P >0.05), with exception for respiratory rate. The pain and maximal inspiratory pressure showed a negative correlation at the first postoperative day (P = 0.019). 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