Revisiting the confrontation of the energy conditions with supernovae data

In the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) approach to model the Universe the violation of the so-called energy conditions is related to some important properties of the Universe as, for example, the current and the inflationary accelerating expansion phases. The energy conditions are also necessary in the formulation and proofs of Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems. In two recent articles we have derived bounds from energy conditions and made confrontations of these bounds with supernovae data. Here, we extend these results in following way: first, by using our most recent statistical procedure for calculating new q(z) estimates from the \emph{gold} and \emph{combined} type Ia supernovae samples; second, we use these estimates to obtain a new picture of the energy conditions fulfillment and violation for the recent past ($z\leq 1$) in the context of the standard cosmology.Comment: 5 pages. To appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D. Talk presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics. V2: typos correcte

Disc formation in turbulent cloud cores: Circumventing the magnetic braking catastrophe

We present collapse simulations of strongly magnetised, 100 M_sun, turbulent cloud cores. Around the protostars formed during the collapse Keplerian discs with typical sizes of up to 100 AU build up in contrast to previous simulations neglecting turbulence. Analysing the condensations in which the discs form, we show that the magnetic flux loss is not sufficient to explain the build-up of Keplerian discs. The average magnetic field is strongly inclined to the disc which might reduce the magnetic braking efficiency. However, the main reason for the reduced magnetic braking efficiency is the highly disordered magnetic field in the surroundings of the discs. Furthermore, due to the lack of a coherently rotating structure in the turbulent environment of the disc no toroidal magnetic field necessary for angular momentum extraction can build up. Simultaneously the angular momentum inflow remains high due to local shear flows created by the turbulent motions. We suggest that the "magnetic braking catastrophe" is an artefact of the idealised non-turbulent initial conditions and that turbulence provides a natural mechanism to circumvent this problem.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of 'The Labyrinth of Star Formation' (18-22 June 2012, Chania, Greece), published by Springe

Tax evasion dynamics and Zaklan model on Opinion-dependent Network

Within the context of agent-based Monte-Carlo simulations, we study the well-known majority-vote model (MVM) with noise applied to tax evasion on Stauffer-Hohnisch-Pittnauer (SHP) networks. To control the fluctuations for tax evasion in the economics model proposed by Zaklan, MVM is applied in the neighborhood of the critical noise $q_{c}$ to evolve the Zaklan model. The Zaklan model had been studied recently using the equilibrium Ising model. Here we show that the Zaklan model is robust because this can be studied besides using equilibrium dynamics of Ising model also through the nonequilibrium MVM and on various topologies giving the same behavior regardless of dynamic or topology used here.Comment: 14 page, 4 figure

Constraints on Cold Dark Matter Accelerating Cosmologies and Cluster Formation

We discuss the properties of homogeneous and isotropic flat cosmologies in which the present accelerating stage is powered only by the gravitationally induced creation of cold dark matter (CCDM) particles ($\Omega_{m}=1$). For some matter creation rates proposed in the literature, we show that the main cosmological functions such as the scale factor of the universe, the Hubble expansion rate, the growth factor and the cluster formation rate are analytically defined. The best CCDM scenario has only one free parameter and our joint analysis involving BAO + CMB + SNe Ia data yields ${\tilde{\Omega}}_{m}= 0.28\pm 0.01$ ($1\sigma$) where $\tilde{{\Omega}}_{m}$ is the observed matter density parameter. In particular, this implies that the model has no dark energy but the part of the matter that is effectively clustering is in good agreement with the latest determinations from large scale structure. The growth of perturbation and the formation of galaxy clusters in such scenarios are also investigated. Despite the fact that both scenarios may share the same Hubble expansion, we find that matter creation cosmologies predict stronger small scale dynamics which implies a faster growth rate of perturbations with respect to the usual $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Such results point to the possibility of a crucial observational test confronting CCDM with $\Lambda$CDM scenarios trough a more detailed analysis involving CMB, weak lensing, as well as the large scale structure.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication by Physical Rev.

Disponibilização de cultivares de soja no Brasil.

Os programas de melhoramento genético são fundamentais no desenvolvimento da agricultura de um país. No Brasil, a Lei de Proteção de Cultivares - LPC (Lei 9.456/97) refletiu na dinâmica das empresas de melhoramento genético. No caso específico da soja, além da LPC outra normativa que causou grande impacto no setor foi a Lei 10.814/2003 que autorizou a inclusão de cultivares transgênicas no Registro Nacional de Cultivares - RNC. O objetivo do referido estudo foi consolidar as informações sobre as cultivares de soja, disponibilizadas no País, no período de dezembro de 1998 a maio de 2011. Foram utilizados dados secundários, disponíveis no site do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento na base Cultivar Web do RNC. As informações foram qualificadas com base no ano de inscrição da cultivar, na personalidade jurídica e na natureza do capital das empresas mantenedoras. Com base no referido levantamento verificou-se que, até dezembro de 2003, haviam sido disponibilizadas no País 349 cultivares de soja convencional. Após a autorização da inscrição das cultivares transgênicas no RNC houve redução acentuada no número de cultivares convencionais, de modo que, das 474 inscritas no período de dezembro 2003 a maio de 2011, apenas 153 eram convencionais e 321 transgênicas (306 tolerantes ao herbicida glifosato e 15 resistentes a insetos da ordem Lepidoptera e tolerantes ao herbicida glifosato). Em 1998 o número de empresas mantenedoras de cultivares de soja no País eram 14, das quais cinco eram públicas e nove privadas. Em maio de 2011 as cultivares registradas no RNC totalizavam 823 mantidas por 32 empresas, sendo seis públicas e 26 privadas. Das 502 cultivares convencionais, 274 eram mantidas por empresas públicas, 143 por empresas privadas de capital nacional e 85 por empresas privadas de capital transnacional. Já das 321 cultivares transgênicas, 64 eram mantidas por empresas públicas, 125 por empresas privadas de capital nacional e 132 por empresas privadas de capital transnacional