The prognosis for individuals on disability retirement An 18-year mortality follow-up study of 6887 men and women sampled from the general population

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a markedly higher mortality rate among disability pensioners than among non-retired. Since most disability pensions are granted because of non-fatal diseases the reason for the increased mortality therefore remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential explanatory factors. METHODS: Data from five longitudinal cohort studies in Sweden, including 6,887 men and women less than 65 years old at baseline were linked to disability pension data, hospital admission data, and mortality data from 1971 until 2001. Mortality odds ratios were analyzed with Poisson regression and Cox's proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: 1,683 (24.4%) subjects had a disability pension at baseline or received one during follow up. 525 (7.6%) subjects died during follow up. The subjects on disability pension had a higher mortality rate than the non-retired, the hazards ratio (HR) being 2.78 (95%CI 2.08–3.71) among women and 3.43 (95%CI 2.61–4.51) among men. HR was highest among individuals granted a disability pension at young ages (HR >7), and declined parallel to age at which the disability pension was granted. The higher mortality rate among the retired subjects was not explained by disability pension cause or underlying disease or differences in age, marital status, educational level, smoking habits or drug abuse. There was no significant association between reason for disability pension and cause of death. CONCLUSION: Subjects with a disability pension had increased mortality rates as compared with non-retired subjects, only modestly affected by adjustments for psycho-socio-economic factors, underlying disease, etcetera. It is unlikely that these factors were the causes of the unfavorable outcome. Other factors must be at work

Relationship between organizational commitment and organizational silence: A study in the insurance industry

In the study, it was aimed to determine the effect of organizational commitment on organizational silence. In this context, the related research was conducted on 416 employees working in an insurance sector company in Istanbul. In the study, after the concepts of organizational commitment and organizational silence are presented in a theoretical framework, to measure organizational commitment; the scale of organizational commitment by Meyer and Allen, which Wasti and Can translated into Turkish and adapted, and the organizational silence scale developed by Dyne et al. (Journal of Management Studies 40(6), 1359–1392) was used to measure organizational silence. As a result of the questionnaires, the data were evaluated and the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational silence was tried to be explained. The results of multiple regression analysis, which measures the effect of organizational commitment on organizational silence, were interpreted by correlation analysis, which measures the relationships of organizational commitment and organizational silence subdimensions. The results of the T-tests and ANOVA (F) tests, which measure the relationship between demographic variables and research variables, are also included. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that among the subdimensions of organizational commitment, continuing commitment, normative and emotional commitment, only continuing commitment and emotional commitment had a significant effect on accepting silence