47 research outputs found
Multizone Paper Platform for 3D Cell Cultures
In vitro 3D culture is an important model for tissues in
vivo. Cells in different locations of 3D tissues are
physiologically different, because they are exposed to different concentrations
of oxygen, nutrients, and signaling molecules, and to other environmental
factors (temperature, mechanical stress, etc). The majority of high-throughput
assays based on 3D cultures, however, can only detect the
average behavior of cells in the whole 3D construct.
Isolation of cells from specific regions of 3D cultures is possible, but relies
on low-throughput techniques such as tissue sectioning and micromanipulation.
Based on a procedure reported previously (“cells-in-gels-in-paper”
or CiGiP), this paper describes a simple method for culture of arrays of thin
planar sections of tissues, either alone or stacked to create more complex 3D
tissue structures. This procedure starts with sheets of paper patterned with
hydrophobic regions that form 96 hydrophilic zones. Serial spotting of cells
suspended in extracellular matrix (ECM) gel onto the patterned paper creates an
array of 200 micron-thick slabs of ECM gel (supported mechanically by cellulose
fibers) containing cells. Stacking the sheets with zones aligned on top of one
another assembles 96 3D multilayer constructs. De-stacking the layers of the 3D
culture, by peeling apart the sheets of paper, “sections” all 96
cultures at once. It is, thus, simple to isolate 200-micron-thick
cell-containing slabs from each 3D culture in the 96-zone array. Because the 3D
cultures are assembled from multiple layers, the number of cells plated
initially in each layer determines the spatial distribution of cells in the
stacked 3D cultures. This capability made it possible to compare the growth of
3D tumor models of different spatial composition, and to examine the migration
of cells in these structures
Capital, labour and the regions: Aspects of economic, social and political inequality in regional theory and policy
Innocents Abroad: The Hazards of International Joint Ventures with Pyramidal Group Firms
How much does ownership really matter? Equity and trust relations in joint venture relationships
In this paper, I reaffirm the role of trust in interfirm relations and make an appeal for more cross-disciplinary work to further our insights into the functioning of important phenomena of interest such as international joint ventures. I also pose a couple of fundamental questions: (1) Is ownership over-rated? That is, should we and our scholarship be so consumed with issues of ownership? (2) Is trust under-rated? In what way might we and our scholarship change if we assumed trust rather than opportunism? In what way might it change firms' attitudes and behavior towards their partnership relations?Journal of International Business Studies (2006) 37, 4–11. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400182
Division Headquarters Go Abroad — A Step in the Internationalization of the Multinational Corporation
Strategy and Structure in the Italian Fashion Industry: A Case of Internationalisation
Strategy, Structure, Internationalisation, Fashion industry, M16, L20, L21,