Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi dalam Mengatasi Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kecamatan Inuman Tahun 2007-2011

Poverty, welfare, and unemployment is indeed an urgent priority issue to be addressed, both at the national, regional and district / city. Poverty reduction since reforms gained serious attention, because many cases are proving that the spread of poverty pressure will cause a number of counter-productive consequences for development (Ministry of Welfare, 2003). Poverty alleviation is an implementation of the mandate of the 1945 Constitution which has been in jabarkan into various national development agenda. In the Medium Term Development Plan (Plan) for example, the Government has implemented a Poverty Reduction as one of the main development priorities for the period 2009-2014. The document also refers to the National Poverty Reduction Strategy apply consistent achievement of the targets of the MDGs (Millennium Development Goals or MDGs). The purpose of this study was to answer the problems that exist in this study: first, to determine the extent of the district government efforts kuantan singing in overcoming poverty level in the District Inuman Regency Kuantan Singingi Year 2007-2011, the second is to determine what factors which causes the poverty level in the District Inuman Singingi Kuantan District, the third is to know how the impact of government policies on poverty Singingi Kuantan. The findings showed that the policy of the poverty level in the District of Kuantan Singingi is already well underway, but the lack of education that makes a lot of people are unemployed, and added more soil conditions, remote village landslide impede trade network to enter the town. It is therefore expected to Kuantan district government to better control again Singingi poverty level.Key Word : Public policy, Development, Povert

Klein roofmijt pakt tulpengalmijt effectief aan

De Braziliaanse roofmijt Neoseiulus paspalivorus kan tulpengalmijten in de bewaring goed bestrijden. Hij presteert vele malen beter dan de eerder onderzochte roofmijt Neoseiulus cucumeris. Dat is de conclusie van de eerste proeven met deze nieuwe roofmijt. De sleutel van het succes zit hem in de maat: de superkleine paspalivorus ruimt ook galmijten aan de binnenkant van de bol op, waar de grotere cucumeris niet bij kan komen. Vertegenwoordigers uit de praktijk zien kansen voor deze nieuwe methode, maar hebben nog vele vragen

Size of predatory mites and refuge entrance determine success of biological control of the coconut mite

Published online: 06 July 2016Predators face the challenge of accessing prey that live in sheltered habitats. The coconut mite Aceriaguerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) lives hidden beneath the perianth, which is appressed to the coconut fruit surface, where they feed on the meristematic tissue. Its natural enemy, the predatory mite Neoseiuluspaspalivorus De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae), is larger than this pest and is believed to gain access to the refuge only after its opening has increased with coconut fruit age. In the field, experimentally enlarging the perianth-rim-fruit distance beyond the size of the predators resulted in earlier predator occurrence beneath the perianth and lower numbers of coconut mites. On non-manipulated coconut fruits, the predators gained access to the prey weeks later than on manipulated ones, resulting in higher pest densities of coconut mites. Successful biological control thus critically hinges on the size of the predator relative to the opening of the prey refuge

Duurzame bestrijding tulpengalmijt : onderzoek naar de effectiviteit van de roofmijt Neoseiulus paspalivorus tegen tulpengalmijt Aceria tulipae en onderzoek naar alternatieve voedselbronnen voor N. paspalivorus

Tulpengalmijt vormt de grootste plaag in de bewaring van tulpen, is een risico voor verspreiding van TVX en kost de sector jaarlijks miljoenen euro’s. Huidige bestrijdingsmethodes werken in praktijk niet voldoende. Eerder onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat de roofmijt Neoseiulus paspalivorus tulpengalmijt in de bewaring goed in toom kan houden (project 14745). In een vervolgproef werd weer aangetoond dat de kleine roofmijt een goede bestrijder is van tulpengalmijt. Verder is er een stap gezet naar massakweek van de roofmijt door het vinden van alternatieve voedselbronnen. Met producenten van biologische bestrijders zijn contacten gelegd om de mogelijkheden voor commerciële massakweek te verkennen

Neoseiulus paspalivorus, een nieuwe bestrijder van tulpengalmijt?!

Tulpengalmijt vormt de grootste plaag in de bewaring van tulpen, is een risico voor verspreiding van TVX en kost de sector jaarlijks miljoenen euro’s. Huidige bestrijdingsmethodes werken in praktijk niet bevredigend en de toekomst van chemische middelen is onduidelijk. Reden voor PPO en de Universiteit van Amsterdam om samen onderzoek te doen naar alternatieve bestrijdingsmethode met roofmijten. De eerste proeven tonen aan dat de Braziliaanse rover Neoseiulus paspalivorus tulpengalmijt in de bewaring in toom kan houden en zichzelf goed kan handhaven. Hij presteert daarbij vele malen beter dan de eerder onderzochte Neoseiulus cucumeris. Vertegenwoordigers uit de praktijk zien kansen voor deze nieuwe roofmijt maar hebben nog veel vragen

Plant structural changes due to herbivory: Do changes in Aceria-infested coconut fruits allow predatory mites to move under the perianth?

Being minute in size, eriophyoid mites can reach places that are small enough to be inaccessible to their predators. The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis, is a typical example; it finds partial refuge under the perianth of the coconut fruit. However, some predators can move under the perianth of the coconut fruits and attack the coconut mite. In Sri Lanka, the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus baraki, is the most common predatory mite found in association with the coconut mite. The cross-diameter of this predatory mite is c. 3 times larger than that of the coconut mite. Nevertheless, taking this predator’s flat body and elongated idiosoma into account, it is—relative to many other phytoseiid mites—better able to reach the narrow space under the perianth of infested coconut fruits. On uninfested coconut fruits, however, they are hardly ever observed under the perianth. Prompted by earlier work on the accessibility of tulip bulbs to another eriophyoid mite and its predators, we hypothesized that the structure of the coconut fruit perianth is changed in response to damage by eriophyoid mites and as a result predatory mites are better able to enter under the perianth of infested coconut fruits. This was tested in an experiment where we measured the gap between the rim of the perianth and the coconut fruit surface in three cultivars (‘Sri Lanka Tall’, ‘Sri Lanka Dwarf Green’ and ‘Sri Lanka Dwarf Green × Sri Lanka Tall’ hybrid) that are cultivated extensively in Sri Lanka. It was found that the perianth-fruit gap in uninfested coconut fruits was significantly different between cultivars: the cultivar ‘Sri Lanka Dwarf Green’ with its smaller and more elongated coconut fruits had a larger perianth-fruit gap. In the uninfested coconut fruits this gap was large enough for the coconut mite to creep under the perianth, yet too small for its predator N. baraki. However, when the coconut fruits were infested by coconut mites, the perianth-rim-fruit gap was not different among cultivars and had increased to such an extent that the space under the perianth became accessible to the predatory mites

Fluctuating Environments, Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Flexible Mate Choice in Birds

Environmentally-induced fluctuation in the form and strength of natural selection can drive the evolution of morphology, physiology, and behavior. Here we test the idea that fluctuating climatic conditions may also influence the process of sexual selection by inducing unexpected reversals in the relative quality or sexual attractiveness of potential breeding partners. Although this phenomenon, known as ‘ecological cross-over’, has been documented in a variety of species, it remains unclear the extent to which it has driven the evolution of major interspecific differences in reproductive behavior. We show that after controlling for potentially influential life history and demographic variables, there are significant positive associations between the variability and predictability of annual climatic cycles and the prevalence of infidelity and divorce within populations of a taxonomically diverse array of socially monogamous birds. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental factors have shaped the evolution of reproductive flexibility and suggest that in the absence of severe time constraints, secondary mate choice behaviors can help prevent, correct, or minimize the negative consequences of ecological cross-overs. Our findings also illustrate how a basic evolutionary process like sexual selection is susceptible to the increasing variability and unpredictability of climatic conditions that is resulting from climate change

Factors associated with diversity, quantity and zoonotic potential of ectoparasites on urban mice and voles

Wild rodents are important hosts for tick larvae but co-infestations with other mites and insects are largely neglected. Small rodents were trapped at four study sites in Berlin, Germany, to quantify their ectoparasite diversity. Host-specific, spatial and temporal occurrence of ectoparasites was determined to assess their influence on direct and indirect zoonotic risk due to mice and voles in an urban agglomeration. Rodent-associated arthropods were diverse, including 63 species observed on six host species with an overall prevalence of 99%. The tick Ixodes ricinus was the most prevalent species, found on 56% of the rodents. The trapping location clearly affected the presence of different rodent species and, therefore, the occurrence of particular host-specific parasites. In Berlin, fewer temporary and periodic parasite species as well as non-parasitic species (fleas, chiggers and nidicolous Gamasina) were detected than reported from rural areas. In addition, abundance of parasites with low host-specificity (ticks, fleas and chiggers) apparently decreased with increasing landscape fragmentation associated with a gradient of urbanisation. In contrast, stationary ectoparasites, closely adapted to the rodent host, such as the fur mites Myobiidae and Listrophoridae, were most abundant at the two urban sites. A direct zoonotic risk of infection for people may only be posed by Nosopsyllus fasciatus fleas, which were prevalent even in the city centre. More importantly, peridomestic rodents clearly supported the life cycle of ticks in the city as hosts for their subadult stages. In addition to trapping location, season, host species, body condition and host sex, infestation with fleas, gamasid Laelapidae mites and prostigmatic Myobiidae mites were associated with significantly altered abundance of I. ricinus larvae on mice and voles. Whether this is caused by predation, grooming behaviour or interaction with the host immune system is unclear. The present study constitutes a basis to identify interactions and vector function of rodent-associated arthropods and their potential impact on zoonotic diseases