The RICH detector of the AMS-02 experiment: status and physics prospects

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), whose final version AMS-02 is to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) for at least 3 years, is a detector designed to measure charged cosmic ray spectra with energies up to the TeV region and with high energy photon detection capability up to a few hundred GeV. It is equipped with several subsystems, one of which is a proximity focusing RICH detector with a dual radiator (aerogel+NaF) that provides reliable measurements for particle velocity and charge. The assembly and testing of the AMS RICH is currently being finished and the full AMS detector is expected to be ready by the end of 2008. The RICH detector of AMS-02 is presented. Physics prospects are briefly discussed.Comment: 5 pages. Contribution to the 10th ICATPP Conference on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical Physics Applications (Como 2007). Presenter: Rui Pereir

Aplicação da técnica de imunofluorescência direta para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina em aspirado de linfonodo

Recently, canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was detected in the northwest of São Paulo State - Brazil. The Veterinary Hospital - UNESP - Araçatuba, in 2.000, carried out 60 cytopathological test of suspected cases of leishmaniasis using the fine-needle aspiration (FNA). The smears of the FNA popliteal lymph nodes were stained by the Romanowsky stain (Diff-Quik®) and observed using a light microscope. The positive cases showed typical amastigotes forms of Leishmania either free or in macrophage vacuoles. Cytopathological signs of reactivity of the lymph-hystiocitary system with the absence of parasites were also detected. In order to improve the diagnosis of CVL, looking for parasites and antigenic material detection in smears, we standardized the direct immunofluorescence assay (IFD) using mouse anti-Leishmania policlonal antibodies. We compared the IFD assay with the direct search of parasites in smears stained by Romanowsky stain. From the 60 dogs with clinical signs of the disease, the direct exam was positive in 50% (n=30), uncertain in 36,7% (n=22) and negative with lymph node reativity in 13,3% (n=8). When the lymph node smears were submitted to IFD assay we observed positive reaction in 93,3% (n=56) and negative reaction in 6,7% (n=4). Our results showed that IFD assay presented a high sensibility compared to parasite direct search by Romanowsky stain. The IFD assay could be useful method to confirm the uncertain cases of the disease, where amastigotes forms were not clearly identified.Recentemente, foco de leishmaniose visceral canina (CVL) foi descrito na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo - Brasil. O Hospital Veterinário - UNESP - Araçatuba, no ano de 2.000, desenvolveu 60 testes citopatológicos de casos suspeitos de leishmaniose usando aspirado por agulha fina (FNA). Os esfregaços de linfonodo foram corados pelo método de Romanowsky (Diff-Quik®) e observados em microscopia de luz. Os casos positivos mostraram formas amastigotas típicas de Leishmania livres ou em vacúolos de macrófagos. Sinais citopatológicos de reatividade do sistema linfo-histiocitário com ausência de parasitos foram também observados. Com o objetivo de implementar o diagnóstico da CVL, detectando parasitos e material antigênico nos esfregaços, aplicou-se a reação de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) usando anticorpo policlonal anti-Leishmania produzido em camundongo. Comparamos o método de IFD com a pesquisa direta do parasito em esfregaços corados pelo método de Romanowsky. Dos 60 cães com sinais clínicos da doença, o exame direto foi positivo em 50% (n=30), duvidoso em 36,7% (n=22) e negativo com reatividade do linfonodo em 13,3% (n=8). Quando os linfonodos foram submetidos a reação de IFD observamos reação positiva em 93,3% (n=56) e reação negativa em 6,7% (n=4). Nossos resultados mostraram que a reação de IFD apresentou alta sensibilidade quando comparada a pesquisa direta do parasito pela coloração de Romanowsky. A reação de IFD pode ser um método útil para confirmar os casos duvidosos da doença, onde as formas amastigotas não são identificadas com facilidade

Aplicação da técnica de imunofluorescência direta para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina em aspirado de linfonodo

Recently, canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was detected in the northwest of São Paulo State - Brazil. The Veterinary Hospital - UNESP - Araçatuba, in 2.000, carried out 60 cytopathological test of suspected cases of leishmaniasis using the fine-needle aspiration (FNA). The smears of the FNA popliteal lymph nodes were stained by the Romanowsky stain (Diff-Quik®) and observed using a light microscope. The positive cases showed typical amastigotes forms of Leishmania either free or in macrophage vacuoles. Cytopathological signs of reactivity of the lymph-hystiocitary system with the absence of parasites were also detected. In order to improve the diagnosis of CVL, looking for parasites and antigenic material detection in smears, we standardized the direct immunofluorescence assay (IFD) using mouse anti-Leishmania policlonal antibodies. We compared the IFD assay with the direct search of parasites in smears stained by Romanowsky stain. From the 60 dogs with clinical signs of the disease, the direct exam was positive in 50% (n=30), uncertain in 36,7% (n=22) and negative with lymph node reativity in 13,3% (n=8). When the lymph node smears were submitted to IFD assay we observed positive reaction in 93,3% (n=56) and negative reaction in 6,7% (n=4). Our results showed that IFD assay presented a high sensibility compared to parasite direct search by Romanowsky stain. The IFD assay could be useful method to confirm the uncertain cases of the disease, where amastigotes forms were not clearly identified.Recentemente, foco de leishmaniose visceral canina (CVL) foi descrito na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo - Brasil. O Hospital Veterinário - UNESP - Araçatuba, no ano de 2.000, desenvolveu 60 testes citopatológicos de casos suspeitos de leishmaniose usando aspirado por agulha fina (FNA). Os esfregaços de linfonodo foram corados pelo método de Romanowsky (Diff-Quik®) e observados em microscopia de luz. Os casos positivos mostraram formas amastigotas típicas de Leishmania livres ou em vacúolos de macrófagos. Sinais citopatológicos de reatividade do sistema linfo-histiocitário com ausência de parasitos foram também observados. Com o objetivo de implementar o diagnóstico da CVL, detectando parasitos e material antigênico nos esfregaços, aplicou-se a reação de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) usando anticorpo policlonal anti-Leishmania produzido em camundongo. Comparamos o método de IFD com a pesquisa direta do parasito em esfregaços corados pelo método de Romanowsky. Dos 60 cães com sinais clínicos da doença, o exame direto foi positivo em 50% (n=30), duvidoso em 36,7% (n=22) e negativo com reatividade do linfonodo em 13,3% (n=8). Quando os linfonodos foram submetidos a reação de IFD observamos reação positiva em 93,3% (n=56) e reação negativa em 6,7% (n=4). Nossos resultados mostraram que a reação de IFD apresentou alta sensibilidade quando comparada a pesquisa direta do parasito pela coloração de Romanowsky. A reação de IFD pode ser um método útil para confirmar os casos duvidosos da doença, onde as formas amastigotas não são identificadas com facilidade

Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks

37 pages, 15 figures, revised version, accepted by JINSTALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 micron in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10^5 charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off.Peer reviewe

Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at s=900\sqrt{s} = 900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900$ GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region $(|\eta|<0.8)$ over the transverse momentum range $0.15<p_{\rm T}<10$ GeV/$c$. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for $|\eta|<0.8$ is $\left<p_{\rm T}\right>_{\rm INEL}=0.483\pm0.001$ (stat.) $\pm0.007$ (syst.) GeV/$c$ and \left_{\rm NSD}=0.489\pm0.001 (stat.) $\pm0.007$ (syst.) GeV/$c$, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger $\left<p_{\rm T}\right>$ than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/390

The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 161626 m3 with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008

Comparison of parasitological, immunological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs with different clinical signs

Aiming to improve the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in an endemic area of the Northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil, the efficacy of parasitological, immunological and molecular diagnostic methods were studied. Dogs with and without clinical sips of the disease and positive for Leishmania, by direct parasite identification on lymph node smears and/or specific antibody detection by ELISA, were selected for the study. According to the clinical signs, 89 dogs attending the Veterinary Hospital of UNESP in Aracatuba (SP, Brazil) were divided into three groups: symptomatic (36%), oligosymptomatic (22%) and asymptomatic (22%). Twenty-six dogs from an area non-endemic for CanL were used as negative controls (20%). Fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNA) of popliteal lymph nodes were collected and Diff-Quick (R)-stained for optical microscopy. Direct immumofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and parasite DNA amplification by PCR were also performed. After euthanasia, fragments of popliteal lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and liver were collected and processed for HE and immunohistochemistry. Parasite detection by both HE and immunohistochemistry was specifically more effective in lymph nodes, when compared with the other organs. Immunolabeling provided higher sensitivity for parasite detection in the tissues. In the symptomatic group, assay sensitivity was 75.61% for direct parasite search on Diff-Quick (R)-stained FNAs, 92.68% for direct immunofluorescence, 92.68% for immunocytochemistry and 100% for PCR; the corresponding values in the other clinical groups were: 32, 60, 76 and 96% (oligosymptomatic), and 39.13, 73.91, 100 and 95.65% (asymptomatic). Results of the control animals from the CanL non-endemic area were all negative, indicating that the methods used were 100% specific. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Condições socioeconômicas, programas de complementação alimentar e mortalidade infantil no Estado de São Paulo (1950 a 2000)

O artigo discute a diminuição do déficit nutricional em crianças, no período de 1950 a 2000, no Estado de São Paulo e a transição nutricional ocorrida no período, com modificação do padrão alimentar. Analisa programas de suplementação alimentar, instituídos a partir de 1945, para crianças, gestantes e nutrizes e as taxas anuais de mortalidade infantil por deficiência nutricional no Estado, de 1950 a 2000. Finalmente, é feita análise comparativa entre tendências das taxas de valor do salário mínimo real, número de horas trabalhadas para aquisição da Ração Essencial Mínima (REM) e mortalidade infantil por deficiências nutricionais. Houve queda acentuada da taxa de mortalidade infantil por deficiência nutricional, chegando a zero, ou próxima de zero, na década de 1990. O decréscimo da TMI def. nutr. não é explicado por condições econômicas e períodos recessivos não contribuíram para aumentar a taxa de mortalidade por doenças nutricionais infantis. Outras variáveis, como programas de suplementação alimentar acima descritos, cobertura de serviços de saneamento básico e atenção médica, tiveram papel preponderante.This article discusses nutritional deficits in children in the State of Sao Paulo and nutritional transition with changes in the dietary pattern. Analyses programs of Food Supplement for Children, Pregnant women, and nursing mothers put in action in the State, since 1945. Analyses and compares infant mortality by nutritional deficits, real minimum income wages, and REM (working time necessary for acquisition of the minimum essential food for 4 people) taxes, for the period 1950-2000. Decrease in the value of the minimum wage, in the first decades of the period, had as consequence increase of REM and of infant mortality by nutritional deficits. Contrary to what was expected, in the second part of the period (1969-2000), in spite of continuous drop of the real minimum wage values and increase of REM, there was a tendency to decrease taxes of infant mortality by nutritional deficits. Other variables, as programs of food supplement described, improvement of sanitary conditions and medical care played important role