Prevalência de mordida cruzada posterior em escolares de 6 a 10 anos no município de Vila Maria – RS.

Objetivos: a mordida cruzada posterior apresenta-se como um dos problemas ortodônticos mais freqüentes. Esta má oclusão, que impede o desenvolvimento correto do crânio e da face, necessita de diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado para sua correção. No presente estudo, o autor tem como objetivo, quantificar a prevalência de mordida cruzada posterior, identificando a freqüência deste agravo bucal, nos diferentes tipos e na faixa etária proposta. Também é meta deste trabalho, comparar os dados aqui revelados com outras pesquisas realizadas, com as mais variadas amostras. Métodos: a pesquisa envolveu 182 escolares de 6 a 10 anos, de ambos os gêneros, independentes de grupo étnico e condição sócio-econômica, de duas escolas do município de Vila Maria-RS e que compõe a totalidade de escolares nesta faixa etária de todo município. Os escolares foram examinados, em consultório odontológico, pelo próprio autor, e ocluindo em máxima intercuspidação habitual. Resultados: os resultados revelaram uma prevalência de mordida cruzada posterior da ordem de 27,47%, subdivididos em 15,93% para a unilateral direita, 9,35% para a unilateral esquerda e 2,19% para a bilateral

Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anaemia in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: Child stunting reduces survival and impairs neurodevelopment. We tested the independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) on stunting and anaemia in in Zimbabwe. METHODS: We did a cluster-randomised, community-based, 2 × 2 factorial trial in two rural districts in Zimbabwe. Clusters were defined as the catchment area of between one and four village health workers employed by the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care. Women were eligible for inclusion if they permanently lived in clusters and were confirmed pregnant. Clusters were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to standard of care (52 clusters), IYCF (20 g of a small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement per day from age 6 to 18 months plus complementary feeding counselling; 53 clusters), WASH (construction of a ventilated improved pit latrine, provision of two handwashing stations, liquid soap, chlorine, and play space plus hygiene counselling; 53 clusters), or IYCF plus WASH (53 clusters). A constrained randomisation technique was used to achieve balance across the groups for 14 variables related to geography, demography, water access, and community-level sanitation coverage. Masking of participants and fieldworkers was not possible. The primary outcomes were infant length-for-age Z score and haemoglobin concentrations at 18 months of age among children born to mothers who were HIV negative during pregnancy. These outcomes were analysed in the intention-to-treat population. We estimated the effects of the interventions by comparing the two IYCF groups with the two non-IYCF groups and the two WASH groups with the two non-WASH groups, except for outcomes that had an important statistical interaction between the interventions. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01824940. FINDINGS: Between Nov 22, 2012, and March 27, 2015, 5280 pregnant women were enrolled from 211 clusters. 3686 children born to HIV-negative mothers were assessed at age 18 months (884 in the standard of care group from 52 clusters, 893 in the IYCF group from 53 clusters, 918 in the WASH group from 53 clusters, and 991 in the IYCF plus WASH group from 51 clusters). In the IYCF intervention groups, the mean length-for-age Z score was 0·16 (95% CI 0·08-0·23) higher and the mean haemoglobin concentration was 2·03 g/L (1·28-2·79) higher than those in the non-IYCF intervention groups. The IYCF intervention reduced the number of stunted children from 620 (35%) of 1792 to 514 (27%) of 1879, and the number of children with anaemia from 245 (13·9%) of 1759 to 193 (10·5%) of 1845. The WASH intervention had no effect on either primary outcome. Neither intervention reduced the prevalence of diarrhoea at 12 or 18 months. No trial-related serious adverse events, and only three trial-related adverse events, were reported. INTERPRETATION: Household-level elementary WASH interventions implemented in rural areas in low-income countries are unlikely to reduce stunting or anaemia and might not reduce diarrhoea. Implementation of these WASH interventions in combination with IYCF interventions is unlikely to reduce stunting or anaemia more than implementation of IYCF alone. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, UK Department for International Development, Wellcome Trust, Swiss Development Cooperation, UNICEF, and US National Institutes of Health.The SHINE trial is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1021542 and OPP113707); UK Department for International Development; Wellcome Trust, UK (093768/Z/10/Z, 108065/Z/15/Z and 203905/Z/16/Z); Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; US National Institutes of Health (2R01HD060338-06); and UNICEF (PCA-2017-0002)

Implementation of dental specialty centers: a descriptive analysis of the current status in the Brazilian territory

<div><p>ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the current implementation status of Dental Specialty Centers (Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas - CEO) in Brazil. The sample included CEOs implemented up to November 2015 in the 27 Brazilian federative units. Data were obtained directly from the database of the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System, according to the National Registry of Health Facilities (NRHF) of Dental Specialty Centers of all Brazilian regions. Primary care data were also collected from the cities with implemented CEOs, including coverage status of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and number of Oral Health Teams (OHT) I and II, at 2 collection periods (January 2006 and November 2015). There were 1019 CEOs implemented in Brazil, which were unequally distributed among the Brazilian states, with prevalence of implementation of CEOs type II (n=503, 49.4%). The statistical analysis showed significant difference between the three types of CEO (I, II, and III) and the variables of coverage rate (FHS) and number of teams (OHT I, OHT II) at both data collection periods. Although presenting an evolutionary aspect in the implementation of CEOs, the implementation of medium-complexity care in Brazil is disorganized.</p></div

Psicologia & economia solidária: Possíveis intervenções

This study aims to make a theoretical search about the meanings involving the work in the social being constitution, as well as the implications of the capitalist economic system and also of alternative models, in this case the Solidarity Economy, and through Critical Social Psychology. It was sought to find out possible interventions in the Solidarity context. Thereunto, it was used as methodology the bibliographic database, and as results, it was realized the importance of the Psychology insertion in such contexts, helping with the resignification for the meaning of work, on the comprehension of both individual and group relations, which composes the core of Solidarity Cooperatives.O presente estudo visa realizar um resgate teórico sobre os sentidos em que envolvem o trabalho na constituição do sujeito social, bem como as implicações tanto do modelo capitalista, como também de modos alternativos, no caso a Economia solidária, sendo que por meio da Psicologia Social Crítica buscou-se pensar possíveis intervenções no contexto Solidário. Para isso, usou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e como resultados percebeu-se a importância da inserção da Psicologia em tais contextos, auxiliando assim na ressignificação do sentido de trabalho, na compreensão das relações singulares e grupais, que compõe o núcleo das Cooperativas Solidárias

Psicologia & economia solidária: Possíveis intervenções

This study aims to make a theoretical search about the meanings involving the work in the social being constitution, as well as the implications of the capitalist economic system and also of alternative models, in this case the Solidarity Economy, and through Critical Social Psychology. It was sought to find out possible interventions in the Solidarity context. Thereunto, it was used as methodology the bibliographic database, and as results, it was realized the importance of the Psychology insertion in such contexts, helping with the resignification for the meaning of work, on the comprehension of both individual and group relations, which composes the core of Solidarity Cooperatives.O presente estudo visa realizar um resgate teórico sobre os sentidos em que envolvem o trabalho na constituição do sujeito social, bem como as implicações tanto do modelo capitalista, como também de modos alternativos, no caso a Economia solidária, sendo que por meio da Psicologia Social Crítica buscou-se pensar possíveis intervenções no contexto Solidário. Para isso, usou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e como resultados percebeu-se a importância da inserção da Psicologia em tais contextos, auxiliando assim na ressignificação do sentido de trabalho, na compreensão das relações singulares e grupais, que compõe o núcleo das Cooperativas Solidárias