Comparison of Grain Sources (Barley, White Corn, and Yellow Corn) for Swine Diets and Their Effects on Meat Quality and Production Traits

Efficient pork production is a necessity for an economically viable swine industry. Number two yellow corn is considered the primary energy source for swine diets in the Midwest. Despite the low protein content, corn is considered one of the most economical feed stuffs available to the swine production system. Barley is a high fiber that has approximately 89% of the energy content of corn. While barley contains a higher protein and amino acid level than corn, animal performance is expected to be depressed due to the high fiber content. Because barley lacks the carotene content that yellow corn possesses, it has been hypothesized that barley-fed pigs will yield higher meat and fat quality that is desired by export markets. White corn was used in this trial to determine its contribution to meat quality and growth traits. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of energy source on performance and carcass traits of pigs. Diet treatments (primary energy source) were: 1) yellow corn, 2) white corn, 3) 1/3 yellow corn, 2/3 white corn, 4) 2/3 yellow corn, 1/3 white corn, 5) barley. Pigs completing the trial were from two sires lines, Duroc (n=500) and Hamp x Duroc (n=499), that were mated to PIC 1055 females. Pigs were randomly allocated to pens based on genetic type and gender using a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with two genetic types, two sexes (barrows and gilts) and five treatments. Animals fed these diets differing in energy source did not express a difference in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed-to-gain ratio, backfat depth or percent fat free lean. However, barley-fed pigs did have a smaller (p \u3c .05) loin muscle area than pigs fed corn-based diets. Diet did not have an effect on sensory panel traits for tenderness or chewiness and limited differences were observed for juiciness, flavor, and off-flavor. Percentage loin purge, and cooking loss did not differ among diets fed to the pigs with minimal difference noted for color values. Pigs fed barley diets did have lower iodine value content within the subcutaneous fat indicating that the fat is of firmer quality. Results of this trial suggest that barley does not have an advantage in meat quality traits when compared to traditional corn-based diets. Barley does however have a significant impact on the hardness of pork fat, but does not have a significant effect on subjective color values

Comparison of Grain Sources (Barley, White Corn, and Yellow Corn) for Swine Diets and Their Effect on Production and Carcass Traits

Energy sources differ in content, quality, and availability of nutrients. The objective of this study was to identify and compare differences in production and carcass traits in pigs fed different energy sources. While pigs fed a barley-based diet had a smaller loin muscle area, there was no difference among diets when comparing fat depth or percent fat-free lean. Barley based-diets and a diet containing one-third yellow corn and two-thirds white corn had a lower lean gain per day on test. There was no significant difference in average daily gain or feed-to-gain ratios

Sequence of operations: TFTR assembly and disassembly

A conceptual sequence of operations necessary to complete initial assembly of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) are described along with subsequent disassembly operations and special techniques planned for use during radioactive disassembly. Special attention is given in this report to techniques, personnel exposure, and equipment needed to effect the opening and closing of a vacuum vessel port and the installation of the vacuum vessel seal weld cutting machine under radioactive conditions

Dissociated Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production in the Post-Cardiac Arrest Rat: A Novel Metabolic Phenotype.

BACKGROUND: The concept that resuscitation from cardiac arrest (CA) results in a metabolic injury is broadly accepted, yet patients never receive this diagnosis. We sought to find evidence of metabolic injuries after CA by measuring O METHODS AND RESULTS: Rats were anesthetized and randomized into 3 groups: resuscitation from 10-minute asphyxia with inhaled 100% O CONCLUSIONS: CA altered cellular metabolism resulting in increased V

Double logarithms, ln2(1/x)ln^2(1/x), and the NLO DGLAP evolution for the non-singlet component of the nucleon spin structure function, g1g_1

Theoretical predictions show that at low values of Bjorken $x$ the spin structure function, $g_1$ is influenced by large logarithmic corrections, $ln^2(1/x)$, which may be predominant in this region. These corrections are also partially contained in the NLO part of the standard DGLAP evolution. Here we calculate the non-singlet component of the nucleon structure function, $g_1^{NS}=g_1^p-g_1^n$, and its first moment, using a unified evolution equation. This equation incorporates the terms describing the NLO DGLAP evolution and the terms contributing to the $ln^2(1/x)$ resummation. In order to avoid double counting in the overlapping regions of the phase-space, a unique way of including the NLO terms into the unified evolution equation is proposed. The scheme-independent results obtained from this unified evolution are compared to the NLO fit to experimental data, GRSV'2000. Analysis of the first moments of $g_1^{NS}$ shows that the unified evolution including the $ln^2(1/x)$ resummation goes beyond the NLO DGLAP analysis. Corrections generated by double logarithms at low $x$ influence the $Q^2$-dependence of the first moments strongly.Comment: 13 pages, latex, 2 figures; Appendix adde

Polarized deep inelastic scattering at high energies and parity violating structure functions

A comprehensive analysis of deep inelastic scattering of polarized charged leptons on polarized nucleons is presented; weak interaction contributions, both in neutral and charged current processes, are taken into account and the parity violating polarized nucleon structure functions are studied. Possible ways of their measurements and their interpretations in the parton model are discussed.Comment: (slightly modified version, includes a few new references and corrects few misprints for publication), 14 pages in TeX (needs harvmac) no figure, DFTT 80/9

Effect of dipole-dipole charge interactions on dust coagulation

This study examines the effect that dipole-dipole charge interactions between fractal aggregates have on the growth of dust grains. Aggregates in a plasma or radiative environment will have charge distributed over their extended surface, which leads to a net dipole moment for the charged grains. A self-consistent N-body code is used to model the dynamics of interacting charged aggregates. The aggregates are free to rotate due to collisions and dipole-dipole electrostatic interactions. These rotations are important in determining the growth rate and subsequent geometry (fractal dimension) of the grains. In contrast to previous studies which have only taken charge-dipole interactions into account, like-charged grains are found to coagulate more efficiently than neutral grains due to preferential incorporation of small aggregates into mid-sized aggregate structures. The charged aggregates tend to be more compact than neutral aggregates, characterized by slightly higher fractal dimensions

Next-to-Leading Order QCD Corrections to Jet Cross Sections and Jet Rates in Deeply Inelastic Electron Proton Scattering

Jet cross sections in deeply inelastic scattering in the case of transverse photon exchange for the production of (1+1) and (2+1) jets are calculated in next-to-leading order QCD (here the `+1' stands for the target remnant jet, which is included in the jet definition for reasons that will become clear in the main text). The jet definition scheme is based on a modified JADE cluster algorithm. The calculation of the (2+1) jet cross section is described in detail. Results for the virtual corrections as well as for the real initial- and final state corrections are given explicitly. Numerical results are stated for jet cross sections as well as for the ratio \sigma_{\mbox{\small (2+1) jet}}/\sigma_{\mbox{\small tot}} that can be expected at E665 and HERA. Furthermore the scale ambiguity of the calculated jet cross sections is studied and different parton density parametrizations are compared.Comment: 40 pages, LBL-34147 (Latex file). (figures available by mail on request (send e-mail to [email protected]), please include your address such that it can be used as an address label