Etat des connaissances sur les liens entre les troubles de la reproduction et l’exposition aux produits cosmétiques chez les professionnels de la coiffure et des soins de beauté. Approche épidémiologique et méta-analytique.

Expertise conjointe de l'Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé (Ansm) et de l'INRS sur l'exposition aux produits cosmétiques et les troubles de la reproduction. La recherche a été centrée sur la population exposée aux produits cosmétiques la plus étudiée dans la littérature, à savoir les professionnels de la coiffure et des soins de beauté

WBC count and functional changes induced by co-administration of clofazimine and clarithromycin, in single and multiple doses, in Wistar rats

Clofazimine and clarithromycin are used to treat leprosy and infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. Little data on the toxicity of co-administration of these two drugs are available. Here we evaluated the potential adverse effects of polytherapy with these two drugs in male Wistar rats by determining WBCs counts and other blood cell counts, neutrophilic phagocytosis, and burst oxidative, by flow cytometry. We observed an increase in WBCs, in multiple-dose regimens, and in polymorphonuclear cells, in both single- clarithromycin only and multiple dose regimens. We also observed a reduction in mononuclear cell counts in single and multiple doses. The drugs seem to reverse the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell ratio. An increase in oxidative burst was observed in animals treated with the drugs administered either individually or combined. In conclusion, clofazimine and clarithromycin change WBCs counts. Our results may contribute for a better understanding of the mechanisms related to the effects of co-administrating the two drugs.<br>Clofazimina e laritromicina são utilizadas no tratamento da hanseníase e em infecções causadas pelo complexo Mycobacterium avium. Devido à escassez de dados sobre a toxicidade de esquemas terapêuticos que associam estes fármacos, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos adversos desta terapia, em ratos machos Wistar, por meio da determinação da contagem global e específica de leucócitos e ensaios de fagocitose e burst oxidativo de neutrófilos por citometria de fluxo. Houve aumento do número de leucócitos (dose múltipla) e de células polimorfonucleares (doses única e múltipla) nos grupos tratados com claritromicina em monoterapia ou associada à clofazimina e redução das células mononucleares, em doses única e múltipla, nos mesmos grupos. Os fármacos parecem inverter a proporção entre células mono e polimorfonucleares. Observou-se aumento do burst oxidativo nos animais tratados com os fármacos isolados ou associados. Concluindo, clofazimina e claritromicina provocam alterações leucocitárias e os resultados podem contribuir para melhor entendimento dos mecanismos relacionados aos efeitos da administração dos fármacos em associação

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically