34 research outputs found

    Concordance between SIVA, IVAN, and VAMPIRE software tools for semi-automated analysis of retinal vessel caliber

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    We aimed to compare measurements from three of the most widely used software packages in the literature and to generate conversion algorithms for measurement of the central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) between SIVA and IVAN and between SIVA and VAMPIRE. We analyzed 223 retinal photographs from 133 human participants using both SIVA, VAMPIRE and IVAN independently for computing CRAE and CRVE. Agreement between measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman plots and intra-class correlation coefficients. A conversion algorithm between measurements was carried out using linear regression, and validated using bootstrapping and root-mean-square error. The agreement between VAMPIRE and IVAN was poor to moderate: The mean difference was 20.2 ”m (95% limits of agreement, LOA, −12.2–52.6 ”m) for CRAE and 21.0 ”m (95% LOA, −17.5–59.5 ”m) for CRVE. The agreement between VAMPIRE and SIVA was also poor to moderate: the mean difference was 36.6 ”m (95% LOA, −12.8–60.4 ”m) for CRAE, and 40.3 ”m (95% LOA, 5.6–75.0 ”m) for CRVE. The agreement between IVAN and SIVA was good to excellent: the mean difference was 16.4 ”m (95% LOA, −4.25–37.0 ”m) for CRAE, and 19.3 ”m (95% LOA, 0.09–38.6 ”m) for CRVE. We propose an algorithm converting IVAN and VAMPIRE measurements into SIVA-estimated measurements, which could be used to homogenize sets of vessel measurements obtained with different software packages

    Guideline development from an observational study.

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    International audiencePURPOSE: It is unknown whether data from observational studies can assist guideline developers in areas where scientific evidence is lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop a local clinical guideline for prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism based on observational study results. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The authors performed a classification tree analysis on original data from a cross-sectional study of risk factors, prophylaxis, and prevalence of deep vein thrombosis in 818 medical in-patients hospitalised in French teaching and community hospitals. The dependent variable was the use of pharmacological prophylaxis. The rate of any deep vein thrombosis detected by routine compression ultrasonography was used as an illustrative variable. Using group consensus of expert panelists, a practice guideline was developed based on the results of this study and a systematic review of the literature. FINDINGS: The resulting classification tree involved eight terminal subsets. The mean misclassification rate was 31 per cent in tenfold cross-validation and the area under the ROC curve was 0.75. The classification tree was converted into graded recommendations. According to these recommendations, 455 patients (56 per cent) required prophylaxis. The corresponding rate of deep vein thrombosis was 11 per cent (28/245, [CI = 8-16]) in 245 prophylaxis users and 11 per cent (23/210, [7-16]) in 210 prophylaxis non-users. Conversely, 363 patients (44 per cent) did not require prophylaxis: 63 actually received prophylaxis and six had deep vein thrombosis (2 per cent, [0.6-4]). RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Further prospective validation of the guideline is important prior to its implementation. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Integrating data from observational studies may be an effective way to develop guidelines when robust scientific evidence is lacking

    Développement ascendant de recommandations pour la pratique clinique en situation d'incertitude scientifque (apport des arbres d'induction et application à la prévention de la maladie thrombo-embolique veineuse)

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    Les recommandations pour la pratique clinique sont des propositions dĂ©veloppĂ©es pour aider le praticien dans sa dĂ©cision concernant le caractĂšre appropriĂ© des soins dans des circonstances cliniques donnĂ©es. L'Ă©laboration de recommandations en situation d'incertitude scientifique repose sur l'avis d'experts et conduit Ă  des recommandations discordantes dont la validitĂ© est controversĂ©e. Ce travail expĂ©rimente une mĂ©thode de dĂ©veloppement ascendant de recommandations Ă  partir des donnĂ©es d'une enquĂȘte Ă©pidĂ©miologique, dans le cadre de la prĂ©vention de la maladie thrombo-embolique veineuse. Cette mĂ©thode pallie le dĂ©faut de connaissances scientifiques robustes par la formalisation des rĂšgles dĂ©cisionnelles sous-jacentes aux pratiques cliniques observĂ©es. Elle utilise pour cela les arbres d'induction. La pertinence des rĂšgles dĂ©cisionnelles est illustrĂ©e par la frĂ©quence d'un indicateur de santĂ© dans les sous-groupes de patients correspondants. Cette mĂ©thode limite la subjectivitĂ© liĂ©e Ă  l'avis d'experts dans le processus de dĂ©veloppement et accroĂźt la validitĂ© prĂ©sumĂ©e des recommandations. L'Ă©tude d'impact des recommandations a documentĂ© leur efficacitĂ© sur les pratiques cliniques et la prĂ©valence des thromboses veineuses profondes.Clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. When robust scientific evidence is lacking, clinical guidelines are derived from expert opinion. This leads to inconsistent guidelines which vary in their advice. This thesis reports the implementation of an ascending method of guideline development based on observational data in the case of prevention for venous thromboembolism. This method reduces the scientific uncertainty by extracting clinical decision rules from physician practice data. For this purpose, we used classification and regression tree methods. The accuracy of the clinical decision rules was illustrated by the rate of an outcome measure in the corresponding subsets of patients. This method reduces expert subjectivity in the process of development and increases the expected validity of the guidelines. Finally, we have demonstrated the impact of these guidelines on both physician practices and deep vein thrombosis, through a before-and-after study design.GRENOBLE1-BU MĂ©decine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Association d'une grossesse mÎlaire et d'un foetus normal ( trois cas originaux et méta-analyse de la littérature internationale de 1990 à 2001)

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    La conduite Ă  tenir face Ă  une grossesse mĂŽlaire associĂ©e Ă  un fƓtus normal est un vĂ©ritable dilemme pour le mĂ©decin. Notre travail a pour objectif d'apporter des rĂ©sultats pertinents pour l'aider dans sa prise en charge. A partir d'une mĂ©ta-analyse de 116 cas issus des publications de la littĂ©rature internationale et de 3 cas originaux, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude statistique descriptive du cours Ă©volutif de ces grossesses et des pratiques professionnelles. Nous avons recherchĂ© les facteurs significativement associĂ©s aux complications de ces grossesses, Ă  la survenue d'une maladie trophoblastique persistante et Ă  la naissance d'un enfant viable par des analyses univariĂ©es et multivariĂ©es. Nous avons pu dĂ©finir des situations Ă  risque de maladie trophoblastique persistante : un Ăąge maternel supĂ©rieur Ă  35 ans , la survenue de complications majeures et un terme prĂ©coce de terminaison de la grossesse. Nos rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© qu'une interruption systĂ©matique et prĂ©coce de la grossesse ne protĂ©geait pas de la maladie trophoblastique persistante. En l'absence de complications majeures justifiant une interruptuion thĂ©rapeutique de grossesse, la poursuite de la grossesse jusqu'Ă  son terme doit ĂȘtre proposĂ©e aux parents aprĂšs information sur les risques.GRENOBLE1-BU MĂ©decine pharm. (385162101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Evaluation du dépistage du cancer du sein par mammographie (estimation du surdiagnostic, de la participation des femmes aprÚs un résultat faux positifs et de l'incidence des cancers de l'intervalle)

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    L'intĂ©rĂȘt du programme de dĂ©pistage du cancer du sein par mammographie rĂ©sulte de la balance entre la rĂ©duction de la mortalitĂ© et les effets indĂ©sirables du programme. L'objectif de ce travail Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer trois aspects du programme de dĂ©pistage dans le dĂ©partement de l'IsĂšre. Nous avons utilisĂ© une mĂ©thode Approximate Bayesian Computation pour estimer le surdiagnostic liĂ© au dĂ©pistage par mammographie de cancers non Ă©volutifs. Ils reprĂ©sentaient respectivement 1,5% (IC95% : 0,3% 2,9%) et 28,0% (IC95% : 2,2% 59,8%) des cancers invasifs et in situ diagnostiquĂ©s. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une revue de la littĂ©rature des mĂ©thodes d'estimation du surdiagnostic et montrĂ© sur des donnĂ©es simulĂ©es que les mĂ©thodes basĂ©es sur les taux d'incidence annuels Ă©taient les moins sensibles aux biais. Par ailleurs, l'incidence des cancers de l'intervalle Ă©tait infĂ©rieure lorsque les mammographies Ă©taient rĂ©alisĂ©es avec deux clichĂ©s par sein au lieu d'un seul, aussi bien Ă  12 que Ă  24 mois. Enfin, l'exclusion du diagnostic de cancer aprĂšs la rĂ©alisation d'une imagerie supplĂ©mentaire, d'une biopsie ou un suivi radiologique diminuait la participation lors de la prochaine invitation au dĂ©pistage organisĂ©. En conclusion, l'intĂ©rĂȘt du programme de dĂ©pistage du cancer du sein par mammographie n'est pas remis en cause avec 1,4 dĂ©cĂšs Ă©vitĂ© pour un cancer surdiagnostiquĂ© (in situ ou invasif).The public health interest of the breast cancer screening program depends on a balance between the reduction of mortality and the side effects of the program. The goal of our work was to evaluate three particular issues of the screening program in IsĂšre, France. We used an Approximate Bayesian Computation method to estimate overdiagnosis resulting from the detection of non progressive breast cancer. Our estimates were 1.5% (95%CI : 0.3% 2.9%) et 28.0% (95%CI : 2.2% 59.8%) respectively for invasive and in situ cancers. We realized a review of the methods used to estimate overdiagnosis and we found on simulated data that annual incidence methods were the least influenced by biases. In addition, the incidence of 12 months or 24 months interval cancers was lower with 2-view than with 1-view mammographies. Finally, excluding breast cancer after additional imaging evaluation, clinical and radiological follow-up, or surgical biopsy motivated by abnormal findings on index mammograms results in uniformly decreased subsequent attendance in the routine screening program. To conclude, the interest of the breast cancer screening program was not modified by our results with 1.4 life saved for one overdiagnosed breast cancer (in situ and invasive).SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.Ă©lectronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.Ă©lectronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.Ă©lectronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF
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