Haloperidol, dynamics of choice, and the parameters of the matching law

Although the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott) is the most important vector of maize pathogens in Latin America, little is known about how and where it overwinters (passes the dry season), particularly in Mexico. The objectives of this study were (1) to monitor the abundance of D. maidis adults throughout the dry season in maize and maize-free habitats and (2) to determine where and how D. maidis adults, exposed or nonexposed to the maize pathogen Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb, overwinter in a maize-free habitat. Work for the first objective was done during the two consecutive dry seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-2001; the second objective was done during the dry seasons of 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. During the dry winter seasons, D. maidis was prevalent as long as maize was present in irrigated areas. The leafhopper was found in 52 of the 58 irrigated maize fields sampled in Mexico at the end of the dry seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-2001. However, leafhopper adults were not found in nonirrigated maize-free habitats at high elevation during the dry winter season (February, March, and April), although leafhopper adults were prevalent on perennial wild grasses in January after maize harvest. Additional experiments revealed, however, that corn leafhopper adults, although few in number, survived the entire dry season in these nonirrigated maize-free fields. Also, no detectable difference in survival existed between leafhoppers exposed and those not exposed to S. kunkelli during the two dry seasons in the maize-free habitat. " 2007 Entomological Society of America.",,,,,,"10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1066:HOTCLH]2.0.CO;2",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41828","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35748967911&partnerID=40&md5=3ca64ced028c9f7603cdce76f76d46c

Movement of Cicadulina storeyi [Homoptera:Cicadellidae] in maize fields and its behavior in relation to maize growth stage

The movement of Cicadulina storeyi China (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), vector of maize streak geminivirus, within maize (Zea mays L.) fields was studied using mark, release and recapture experiments. Cicadulina storeyi, marked with fluorescent dye, were released at dusk and monitored for 14 days using yellow sticky traps placed at different distances (5–160 m) and directions from the release point. The suitability of maize growth stage for settling by C. storeyi was also investigated. Catches decreased steadily with distance from the release point and exponentially with time following the release. The mean leafhopper dispersal rate varied between 2.6 and 2.8 m/day for dry season and rainy season tests, respectively. The dispersal rate increased with distance from 1.4 m/day at 5 m to 13.6 m/day at 160 m. Wind was a major factor affecting direction of leafhopper movement with the largest proportion of C. storeyi collected downwind. Investigations on the suitability of maize growth stage for settling by C. storeyi revealed that the leafhopper preferred young plants (2–6 weeks after planting) to old one

Biology of Cicadulina species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and transmission of maize streak virus

The survivorship, fecundity and development time (egg to adult) of Cicadulina storeyi China, C. arachidis China and C. ghaurii Dabrowski were studied at three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30 .C). Additional tests were conducted to descriptionbe maize streak virus (MSV) transmission by C. arachidis and C. ghaurii and to compare virus transmission efficiency of these two species with that of C. storeyi and C. mbila (Naude)

Biology of Cicadulina species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and transmission of maize streak virus

The survivorship, fecundity and development time (egg to adult) of Cicadulina storeyi China, C. arachidis China and C. ghaurii Dabrowski were studied at three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30 .C). Additional tests were conducted to descriptionbe maize streak virus (MSV) transmission by C. arachidis and C. ghaurii and to compare virus transmission efficiency of these two species with that of C. storeyi and C. mbila (Naude)