Phylogeny of Prokaryotes and Chloroplasts Revealed by a Simple Composition Approach on All Protein Sequences from Complete Genomes Without Sequence Alignment

The complete genomes of living organisms have provided much information on their phylogenetic relationships. Similarly, the complete genomes of chloroplasts have helped to resolve the evolution of this organelle in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In this paper we propose an alternative method of phylogenetic analysis using compositional statistics for all protein sequences from complete genomes. This new method is conceptually simpler than and computationally as fast as the one proposed by Qi et al. (2004b) and Chu et al. (2004). The same data sets used in Qi et al. (2004b) and Chu et al. (2004) are analyzed using the new method. Our distance-based phylogenic tree of the 109 prokaryotes and eukaryotes agrees with the biologists tree of life based on 16S rRNA comparison in a predominant majority of basic branching and most lower taxa. Our phylogenetic analysis also shows that the chloroplast genomes are separated to two major clades corresponding to chlorophytes s.l. and rhodophytes s.l. The interrelationships among the chloroplasts are largely in agreement with the current understanding on chloroplast evolution

Continuity of solution maps of parametric quasiequilibrium problems

Parametric vector quasiequilibrium problems, Solution maps, Lower semicontinuity, Hausdorff lower semicontinuity, Upper semicontinuity, Continuity, Generalized concavity, Generalized pseudomonotonicity, 90C31, 49J40, 49K40,

Якість поверхневих вод окремих притоків, що протікають через два райони, Хошимін, В'єтнам

Притоки є основними ознаками річки Сайгон. Робота складається з тематичного дослідження щодо вибору місць для притоків річки Вам Туат, яка протікає через район Го-Вап і округ 12 міста Хошимін, В'єтнам. Метою роботи є оцінка статусу забруднення та ризиків забруднювачів за допомогою індексу забруднення Немерова (NPI) для оцінки якості води та значень кореляції Пірсона (r), що вказує на значну та позитивну кореляцію між змінними однієї групи. Існує десять дослідницьких ділянок для вивчення поверхневих вод притоків від верхньої до нижньої течії. Відбір проб поверхневих вод проводився 19 жовтня, 26 жовтня, 2 листопада та 9 листопада 2017 року на підставі національного технічного регламенту про стандарти якості води В'єтнаму. Параметри моніторингу включають температуру, індекс pH, загальну кількість зважених речовин (TSS), хімічне споживання кисню (COD), амоній-азот (NH4 +-N), нітратний азот (NO3 –-N), фосфат (PO4 3–), сульфат (SO4 2–) і загальне залізо (Fe). Відповідно до результатів вимірювань і статистичних даних середні значення проб з десяти дослідницьких ділянок порівнювали з національною системою стандартів В'єтнаму та рекомендаціями ВОЗ. Забруднюючі речовини TSS, COD, NH4 +-N, SO4 2– та Fe слід обговорити окремо та порівняти з попередніми дослідженнями, щоб оновити наявні дані для управління та запропонувати промисловий моніторинг цих притоків з використанням датчиків якості води.Tributaries serve as essential features of the Saigon River. The work consists of a case study on the selection of sites for tributaries of the Vam Thuat River flowing through Go Vap District and District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. An objective is to assess its pollution status and risks of those pollutants by using Nemerow’s Pollution Index (NPI) for water quality assessment and Pearson’s correlation (r) values, indicating a significant and positive correlation between variables of the same group. There are ten research sites to study the surface waters of the tributaries from upstream to downstream. Grab samples of surface water sources were collected on October 19, October 26, November 2, and November 9, 2017, based on the national technical regulation on water quality standards of Vietnam. The monitoring parameters include temperature, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4 +-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 –-N), phosphate (PO4 3–), sulfate (SO4 2–) and total iron (Fe). According to the measurement results and statistics, the mean values of the samples from ten research sites were compared with the Vietnam national standard system and WHO guidelines. Contaminants of TSS, COD, NH4 +-N, SO4 2–, and Fe should be specifically discussed and compared with previous studies to update available data for management and suggestion of industrial monitoring of these tributaries using water quality sensors

Partipatory research on the effectiveness of drainage in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

The irrigation and drainage systems in the Red River Delta in Vietnam were designed and constructed in the 1950s and 60s. These systems are well established and provide water to virtually all of the irrigable land in the Delta. The land is cropped intensively: on average just over two crops a year. The irrigation and drainage systems are complex: dual purpose channels and pumping stations are used. In the 1990s, the systems were rehabilitated and upgraded. A review showed that irrigation projects performed reasonably well, but the two core drainage projects performed less than anticipated. In the Red River Delta, with its low elevations, drainage rather than irrigation is often the limiting factor affecting agricultural production. To investigate these constraints in more detail, a participatory research study on the effectiveness of drainage was conducted in two drainage areas in the Red River Delta. The study started with a participatory pre-investigation to identify and quantify the constraints in the functioning of the drainage systems. Next, the drainage system was modelled and computer simulations were used to develop conceptual designs to improve the functioning of the systems. Finally, recommendations to improve the institutional capacity of the drainage system management were formulated, again in close cooperation with the stakeholders. These recommendations cover a whole range of technical issues: small-scale improvements in the farmers¿ fields, modifications in the main and secondary drainage systems, including the control structures, up to recommendations to increase the efficiency of the pumping stations. Next to these technical innovations, recommendations to reform the complex institutional setting have been formulate