13 research outputs found
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On-board hydrogen storage system using metal hydride
A hydrogen powered hybrid electric bus has been developed for demonstration in normal city bus service in the City of Augusta, Georgia, USA. The development team, called H2Fuel Bus Team, consists of representatives from government, industry and research institutions. The bus uses hydrogen to fuel an internal combustion engine which drives an electric generator. The generator charges a set of batteries which runs the electric bus. The hydrogen fuel and the hybrid concept combine to achieve the goal of near-zero emission and high fuel efficiency. The hydrogen fuel is stored in a solid form using an on-board metal hydride storage system. The system was designed for a hydrogen capacity of 25 kg. It uses the engine coolant for heat to generate a discharge pressure higher than 6 atm. The operation conditions are temperature from ambient to 70 degrees C, hydrogen discharge rate to 6 kg/hr, and refueling time 1.5 hours. Preliminary tests showed that the performance of the on-board storage system exceeded the design requirements. Long term tests have been planned to begin in 2 months. This paper discusses the design and performance of the on-board hydrogen storage system
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Confinement and Tritium Stripping Systems for APT Tritium Processing
This report identifies functions and requirements for the tritium process confinement and clean-up system (PCCS) and provides supporting technical information for the selection and design of tritium confinement, clean-up (stripping) and recovery technologies for new tritium processing facilities in the Accelerator for the Production of Tritium (APT). The results of a survey of tritium confinement and clean-up systems for large-scale tritium handling facilities and recommendations for the APT are also presented
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Stripper system performance in the replacement tritium facility
The Replacement Tritium Facility (RTF) at the Savannah River Site in the United States was designed and built to handle kilogram levels of tritium. The RTF was started up in January 1994. All the design objectives were achieved. To minimize tritium release to the environment, the tritium handling process is installed inside nitrogen-atmosphere gloveboxes. Any tritium that might leak from the process to the gloveboxes is recovered by stripper systems. The tritium concentration in the gloveboxes is normally maintained at below 0.1 Ci/m{sup 3}. During a large tritium leak from the process to the glovebox, the stripper system lowered the tritium concentration in the glovebox from about 8,000 Ci/m{sup 3} to about 100 Ci/m{sup 3} in one hour. After that the tritium concentration decreased very slowly. It required 5 days of stripping before the concentration was down to about 10 Ci/m{sup 3}
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Design of Metal Hydride Vessels for Processing Tritium
Metal hydrides offer safe, compact and efficient ways to process tritium in areas including storage, pumping, compression, transportation and purification. Westinghouse at Savannah River Site in USA has developed and implemented metal hydride based technology for various tritium applications over the past 20 years. This paper presents our experience in designing different types of metal hydride vessels for tritium processing
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Hydrogen Storage Development for Utility Vehicles
Hydrogen storage for mobile applications is still a challenge. Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) and its partners have identified industrial utility vehicles and mining vehicles as potential early niche markets for the use of metal hydride to store hydrogen. The weight of metal hydride is not a problem for these vehicles. The low pressure of metal hydride gives a safety advantage. SRTC has developed onboard hydrogen storage containers using metal hydrides for the demonstration of two generations of fuel cell powered utility vehicles. Another storage container is being developed for a mining vehicle. This paper provides a brief overview of the utility vehicle project and a detail discussion of the hydrogen storage system
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Separation Membrane Development (Separation Using Encapsulated Metal Hydride)
The goal of this work is to develop an efficient hydrogen separation process based on a new type of composite material. There are two main objectives: The first is to produce a sol-gel encapsulated metal hydride packing material that will (a) absorbs hydrogen selectively and reversibly, (b) not break down to fines, and (c) be resistant to reactive impurities. The second objective is to evaluate the hydrogen separation properties of these composite samples in a laboratory scale separation column
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Multistage metal hydride compressor
Metal hydride compressors can compress hydrogen to high pressures without using mechanical moving parts. They are particularly suited for tritium applications because they require minimal maintenance. A three-stage metal hydride compressor which can compress hydrogen from 14.7 to 20,000 psia has been demonstrated. The design principle and experimental results are presented
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Hydrogen Absorption Property of Encapsulated Lani4.25A10.75
For hydrogen economy to become a reality, hydrogen production will have to be greatly increased from what it is today. Hydrogen will have to be recovered from a variety of gas streams including low concentration streams with efficient methods. Efficient process for recovering hydrogen in low concentration streams is not available today. Powder of LaNi4.25Al0.75 was encapsulated in a porous silica matrix to produce a stable composite material. The material was packed in a column and tested for hydrogen absorption from streams containing nitrogen, methane or carbon monoxide. The composite material removed hydrogen from nitrogen containing methane very well, but suffered decrease in capacity and rate when carbon monoxide was present. Using fluorinated metal hydride powder improved the kinetics but not the tolerance to carbon monoxide
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On-Board Hydrogen Storage for a City Transit Bus
An electric bus was modified to use hydrogen fuel for demonstration in the city of Augusta, Georgia, USA. The hydrogen fuel is stored in a solid form using an on-board metal hydride storage system. The storage system performs better than expected
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Metal hydride compacts for hydrogen isotope separation
A column packed with pellets of copper plated LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} has been evaluated for its separation efficiency using a displacement method. Deuterium breakthrough curves were produced experimentally and compared with those calculated with a stage model. The height equivalent to a theoretical plate was attained and its dependence on temperature and gas flow rate was established. 6 refs., 4 figs