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    Π“Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ особСнности процСссов свободно-Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ окислСния Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ возрастных Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… состояниях

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    Aims:Β Our aim was to assess lipid peroxidation ― antioxidant protection in menopausal women and men in andropause and to compare these processes in different gender and age groups.Β Materials and methods:74Β women and 37Β men were examined. This study was a prospective, randomized cohort study. Women were divided into perimenopausal group (n=22, mean age 49.03Β±3.13), postmenopausal group (n=15, mean age 54.43Β±4.54) and control (n=37, mean age 34Β±1.2). Men were divided into a group of andropause (n=20, mean age 50.38Β±2.63) and control (n=17, mean age 35.21Β±4.75). Body mass index in the main and control groups was comparable. Questionnaires, clinical examination, assessment of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense system, and the calculation of oxidative stress ratio were conducted to all participants of the study.Β Results:Β In women from the reproductive phase transition to its extinction increases content of compounds with conjugated double bonds by 22% (p0.05) in perimenopause and by 27% (p0.05) in postmenopause, increases content of the ketodienes and coupled trienes by 21% (p0.05) in perimenopause relative to the control group and reduced by 27% (p0.05) in postmenopausal women relative to the group of perimenopause. The antioxidant system in women observed the following changes: decrease in the Ξ±-tocopherol levels in postmenopausal women by 37% relative to control and by 22% (p0.05) to compare perimenopause; reduction of retinol level by 29% (p0.05) in the perimenopause and by 39% (p0.05) in postmenopause relative to control, increasing of the content of GSSG by 18% (p0.05) in postmenopause to compare control. When comparing groups of men statistically significant differences were not found. When comparing the groups according to gender, we revealed in men the increased content of compounds with conjugated double bonds by 38% (p0.05), the GSSG by 13% (p0.05), reduced content of the ketodienes and coupled trienes by 43% (p0,05), Ξ±-tocopherol by 24% (p0.05), SOD activity by 9% (p0.05).Coefficient oxidative stress in perimenopausal women wasΒ 2,5, in postmenopausal ― 3,48, in andropause ― 0,97.Conclusions:Β Expressed lipid peroxidation activity is more physiological in andropause than in menopause. Men in andropause have large functional reserves and adaptive capacity than menopausal women.ОбоснованиС. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ вопросов, связанных со старСниСм, Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… мСст Π² соврСмСнной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ клиничСской ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ТСнского, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ муТского ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° являСтся ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ряду патологичСских ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ со стороны Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ систСм. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ интСрСсным ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ тСчСния ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов Ρƒ ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ возрастном сниТСнии ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… стСроидов. ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ особСнности тСчСния процСссов свободно-Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ окислСния Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ- ΠΈ Π°Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡƒΠ·Π΅.Β ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-анамнСстичСскоС обслСдованиС, исслСдованиС систСмы пСрСкисного окислСния Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²-антиоксидантной Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ (ΠŸΠžΠ›-ΠΠžΠ—) ΠΈ расчСт коэффициСнта ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стрСсса ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ показатСля активности процСссов пСроксидации. Π’ исслСдовании участвовали 74Β ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… 22 Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹, срСдний возраст 49,03Β±3,13Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°; 15 ― Π² постмСнопаузС, срСдний возраст 54,43Β±4,54Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ сравнСния составили 37Β Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ Π² возрастС 34Β±1,2Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ с возрастным Π°Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ вошли 20Β Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π² возрастС 50,38Β±2,63Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ сравнСния ―17Β ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½, срСдний возраст 35,21Β±4,75Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. По индСксу массы Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π° основныС ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ сопоставимыми.Β Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈ- ΠΈ постмСнопаузС увСличиваСтся содСрТаниС Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ субстратов с сопряТСнными Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ связями. Π’ систСмС ΠΠžΠ— отмСчаСтся сниТСниС содСрТания Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Тирорастворимых Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² постмСнопаузС ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ сравнСнии Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. БопоставлСниС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ принадлСТности ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ содСрТаниС субстратов с сопряТСнными Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ связями ΠΈ окислСнной Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, сниТСно содСрТаниС ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ сопряТСнных Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Ξ±-Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ супСроксиддисмутазы. ΠšΠΎΡΡ„Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стрСсса Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡƒΠ·Π΅ составил 2,05, Π° Π² постмСнопаузС ― 3,48. Π£ ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΊ ΡƒΠ³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½Β 0,97, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° баланс ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ прооксидантным ΠΈ антиоксидантным звСньями.Β Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ВыраТСнная Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ процСссов ΠŸΠžΠ›-ΠΠžΠ— являСтся Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ возрастном Π°Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ эстрогСндСфицитных состояниях Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, обусловливая бо́льшиС Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ сниТСнии Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ сСкрСции Π°Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² тСстикулами

    Relativistic Laser-Matter Interaction and Relativistic Laboratory Astrophysics

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    The paper is devoted to the prospects of using the laser radiation interaction with plasmas in the laboratory relativistic astrophysics context. We discuss the dimensionless parameters characterizing the processes in the laser and astrophysical plasmas and emphasize a similarity between the laser and astrophysical plasmas in the ultrarelativistic energy limit. In particular, we address basic mechanisms of the charged particle acceleration, the collisionless shock wave and magnetic reconnection and vortex dynamics properties relevant to the problem of ultrarelativistic particle acceleration.Comment: 58 pages, 19 figure

    HIV-associated Tuberculosis: Clinical Case

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    This case report presents a 35-year-old female who presented with HIV-associated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients with immunodeficiency is extremely difficult for effective treatment. Nevertheless, our clinical case showed that the cure of tuberculosis is possible in the late stages of HIV infection with the correct choice of treatment tactics, taking into account the resistance of MBT with the subsequent use of antiretroviral therapy. The progression of HIV infection, against the background of the effective antituberculous therapy, was associated with the patient's refusal to treat the underlying disease

    Development of Modern Fundamental Materials Science at the Faculty of Materials Science of the Moscow State University

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