Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival microbiota, cytology and histology of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A total of 22 adult male rabbits were used. The ophthalmic tests included evaluation of tear production with Schirmer tear test 1(STT1) and Endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) using two different commercial brand materials. Applanation tonometry, Culture of the conjunctival bacterial flora, , conjunctival cytology and conjunctival histology were also performed. Mean (±SD) for STT1, EAPPTTa, EAPPTTb and IOP was 7.27±2.51mm/min, 12.43±1.69mm/min, 15.24±2.07mm/min, 12.89±2.80mm Hg, respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. were predominant. The cytological evaluation revealed the presence columnar epithelial cells, superficial squamous keratinized cells, lymphocytes, heterophils, red blood cells, mucus and bacteria. The histological analysis revealed a stratified epithelium, characterized by the presence of columnar epithelial cells with a large number of goblet cells. The reported data can be used for therapeutic or experimental purposes

Cis- And Trans-nitrosyltetraanimineruthenium(ii). Spectral And Electrochemical Properties And Reactivity

A synthetic route was developed for the preparation of trans-[Ru(NH3)4(NO)X]n++, where X = isonicotinamide (isn), pyrazine (pyz) or sulfite, and cis-[Ru(NH3)4(NO)(NO2)]2+. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV/VIS, infrared, 1H NMR and ESR spectroscopies, molar conductance measurements and cyclic voltammetry. All showed v(NO) in the range characteristic of metal-co-ordinated NO+ and do not exhibit any ESR signal, consistent with the formulation of RuII-NO+. The equilibrium constants Keq for the reaction trans-[Ru(NH3)4(NO)X]3+ + 2OH- ⇄ trans-[Ru(NH3)4(NO2)X]+ + H2O are 2.5 × 108 and 6 × 108 dm6 mol-2 for X = isn or pyz. Cyclic voltammograms of the complexes in aqueous solution exhibited reversible one-electron waveforms in the potential range -0.13 to -0.38 V vs. SCE, which were assigned to the [Ru(NH3)4(NO)X]n+ → [Ru(NH3)4(NO)X](n-1)+ process. Nitric oxide and trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)X]2+ are the final products of the reaction between EuII and trans-[Ru(NH3)4(NO)X]3+, L = isn or pyz. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations performed for trans-[Ru(NH3)4(NO)(pyz)]3+ and trans-[Ru(NH3)4(NO)(pyz)]2+, and the products of the trans-[Ru(NH3)4(NO)(pyz)]3+ one-electron electrochemical or chemical reduction, strongly suggest the added electron is localized mainly on the nitrosyl ligand. A correlation was observed between v(NO) and E1/2 for the reversible reduction wave. These results indicate that the nitric oxide reduction is facilitated by strong π-acceptor ligands trans to the NO. Nitric oxide and trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)X]3+ were formed when solutions containing trans-[Ru(NH3)4(NO)X]3+ were irradiated in the range 310-370 nm.4601607Eisenberg, R., Meyer, C.D., (1975) Acc. Chem. Res., 8, p. 26Thiemens, M.H., Trogler, W.C., (1991) Science, 251, p. 932(1995) ACS Symp. 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Detecção de Theileria equi e Babesia caballi e anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. em equídeos do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, Brasil

O presente estudo avaliou equídeos de 19 fazendas da região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, sendo 121 equídeos testados pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR), para detectar fragmentos dos genes dos seguintes gêneros: Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, e Neorickettsia, e pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), para detectar anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. Das amostras testadas na PCR, 17 (14,0%) animais de nove (47,3%) fazendas foram positivos. Das amostras positivas, 16 foram 100% idênticas a sequencias de Theileria equi e uma foi 99% similar à sequência de Babesia caballi, todas disponíveis no GenBank. Pela RIFI, 48 (39,6%) equídeos foram soropositivos para antígenos de E. canis, sendo 40 (83,3%) amostras com títulos de 40 e oito (16,6%) com títulos de 320. Todas as fazendas avaliadas (100%) apresentaram equídeos soropositivos. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que T. equi e B. caballi infectam equinos na região, e a presença de anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. indica a circulação de espécies antigenicamente relacionadas aos gêneros Ehrlichia e Anaplasma, apesar de a negatividade nos exames de PCR indicar provável processo crônico desses agentes

First record of molluscs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) in Brazil

Seeking the identification of Angiostrongylus cantonensis as a potential etiological agent of three clinical cases of eosinophilic meningitis, mollusc specimens were collected in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The snails were identified as Sarasinula marginata (45 specimens), Subulina octona (157), Achatina fulica (45) and Bradybaena similaris (23). Larvae obtained were submitted to polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism diagnosis. Their genetic profile were corresponded to A. cantonensis. Rattus norvegicus experimentally infected with third-stage larvae, developed menigoencephalitis, and parasites became sexually mature in the lungs. Additionally, larvae obtained from A. fulica snails, from São Vicente, state of São Paulo, also showed genetic profiles of this nematode. This is the first record of Brazilian molluscs infected with this nematode species

A dimensão pedagógica da pesquisa nos cursos de Biblioteconomia do Mercosul: reflexões sobre uma trajetória de harmonização curricular

Partindo da concepção de pesquisa como mola mestra para um ensino de qualidade e considerando-se o fato da mesma constituir uma das áreas curriculares acordadas para os cursos de Biblioteconomia do Mercosul, analisam-se, sob uma ótica histórica, as concepções de pesquisa desenvol-vidas no âmbito dos Encontros de Diretores e Docentes de Biblioteconomia do Mercosul (Porto Alegre, 1996; Buenos Aires, 1997; Santiago do Chile, 1998, Montevidéu, 2000 e Assunção, 2001) como subsídios ao delineamento de políticas de pesquisa para a graduação em Biblioteconomia no Mercosul. Com tal objetivo, este trabalho parte da reflexão teórica sobre pesquisa no ensino (em especial, no ensino de Biblioteconomia) para, a seguir, analisar a evolução das discussões da área curricular 6 _ Investigação _ levadas a cabo no âmbito dos referidos eventos

Comparative performance of two air samplers for monitoring airborne fungal propagules

Many studies have attempted to evaluate the importance of airborne fungi in the development of invasive fungal infection, especially for immunocompromised hosts. Several kinds of instruments are available to quantitate fungal propagule levels in air. We compared the performance of the most frequently used air sampler, the Andersen sampler with six stages, with a portable one, the Reuter centrifugal sampler (RCS). A total of 84 samples were analyzed, 42 with each sampler. Twenty-eight different fungal genera were identified in samples analyzed with the Andersen instrument. In samples obtained with the RCS only seven different fungal genera were identified. The three most frequently isolated genera in samples analyzed with both devices were Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladophialophora. In areas supplied with a high efficiency particulate air filter, fungal spore levels were usually lower when compared to areas without these filters. There was a significant correlation between total fungal propagule measurements taken with both devices on each sampling occasion (Pearson coefficient = 0.50). However, the Andersen device recovered a broader spectrum of fungi. We conclude that the RCS can be used for quantitative estimates of airborne microbiological concentrations. For qualitative studies, however, this device cannot be recommended

Effectiveness of the combination elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine (EVG/COB/TFV/FTC) plus darunavir among treatment-experienced patients in clinical practice : A multicentre cohort study

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of the combination elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine plus darunavir (EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV) in treatment-experienced patients from the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Treatment-experienced patients starting treatment with EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV during the years 2014-2018 and with more than 24 weeks of follow-up were included. TFV could be administered either as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide. We evaluated virological response, defined as viral load (VL) < 50 copies/ml and < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks after starting this regimen, stratified by baseline VL (< 50 or ≥ 50 copies/ml at the start of the regimen). Results: We included 39 patients (12.8% women). At baseline, 10 (25.6%) patients had VL < 50 copies/ml and 29 (74.4%) had ≥ 50 copies/ml. Among patients with baseline VL < 50 copies/ml, 85.7% and 80.0% had VL < 50 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively, and 100% had VL < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks. Among patients with baseline VL ≥ 50 copies/ml, 42.3% and 40.9% had VL < 50 copies/ml and 69.2% and 68.2% had VL < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks. During the first 48 weeks, no patients changed their treatment due to toxicity, and 4 patients (all with baseline VL ≥ 50 copies/ml) changed due to virological failure. Conclusions: EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV was well tolerated and effective in treatment-experienced patients with undetectable viral load as a simplification strategy, allowing once-daily, two-pill regimen with three antiretroviral drug classes. Effectiveness was low in patients with detectable viral loads