1,312 research outputs found
Morphology and Orientation Selection of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Electrified Molten Metal
The effect of electric current on morphology and orientation selection of non-metallic inclusions in molten metal has been investigated using theoretical modelling and numerical calculation. Two geometric factors, namely the circularity (fc) and alignment ratio (fe) were introduced to describe the inclusions shape and configuration. Electric current free energy was calculated and the values were used to determine the thermodynamic preference between different microstructures. Electric current promotes the development of inclusion along the current direction by either expatiating directional growth or enhancing directional agglomeration. Reconfiguration of the inclusions to reduce the system electric resistance drives the phenomena. The morphology and orientation selection follows the routine to reduce electric free energy. The numerical results are in agreement with our experimental observations
Symplectic Three-Algebra and N=6, Sp(2N) X U(1) Superconformal Chern-Simons-Matter Theory
We introduce an anti-symmetric metric into a 3-algebra and call it a
symplectic 3-algebra. The N=6, Sp(2N) X U(1) superconformal Chern-Simons-matter
theory with SU(4) R-symmetry in three dimensions is constructed by specifying
the 3-brackets in a symplectic 3-algebra. We also demonstrate that the N=6,
U(M) X U(N) theory can be recast into this symplectic 3-algebraic framework.Comment: 17 pages, version accepted for publication in EPJC. Section 4 added,
showing that the N=6, U(M) X U(N) theory can be recast into the symplectic
3-algebraic framework. Previous Appendix A delete
High frequency magnetic behavior through the magnetoimpedance effect in CoFeB/(Ta, Ag, Cu) multilayered ferromagnetic thin films
We studied the dynamics of magnetization through an investigation of the
magnetoimpedance effect in CoFeB/(Ta, Ag, Cu) multilayered thin films grown by
magnetron sputtering. Impedance measurements were analyzed in terms of the
mechanisms responsible for their variations at different frequency intervals
and the magnetic and structural properties of the multilayers. Analysis of the
mechanisms responsible for magnetoimpedance according to frequency and external
magnetic field showed that for the CoFeB/Cu multilayer, ferromagnetic resonance
(FMR) contributes significantly to the magnetoimpedance effect at frequencies
close to 470 MHz. This frequency is low when compared to the results obtained
for CoFeB/Ta and CoFeB/Ag multilayers and is a result of the anisotropy
distribution and non-formation of regular bilayers in this sample. The MImax
values occurred at different frequencies according to the used non-magnetic
metal. Variations between 25% and 30% were seen for a localized frequency band,
as in the case of CoFeB/Ta and CoFeB/Ag, as well as for a wide frequency range,
in the case of CoFeB/Cu.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the twin-arginine targeting (Tat) protein export system
Twin-arginine targeting (Tat) protein secretion systems consist of two protein types, members of the TatA and TatC families. Homologues of these proteins are found in many archaea, bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Every prokaryotic organism with a fully sequenced genome exhibits either neither family member, or between one and three paralogues of these two family members. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes three of each. Although many mitochondrially encoded TatC homologues have been identified, corresponding TatA homologues have not been found in this organelle. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that most prokaryotic Tat systems consist of one TatC homologue and two sequence-divergent TatA homologues (TatA and TatB). When only one TatA homologue is present, TatB is missing, and when three TatA homologues are present, the third one arose by duplication of TatA, not TatB. Further, homologues most resembling TatB are more sequence-divergent than those more closely resembling TatA. In contrast to the TatA family, the TatC family shows phylogenetic clustering in strict accordance with organismal type. These results are discussed in terms of their probable structural, functional and evolutionary significance
miR-23~27~24 clusters control effector T cell differentiation and function
Coordinated repression of gene expression by evolutionarily conserved microRNA (miRNA) clusters and paralogs ensures that miRNAs efficiently exert their biological impact. Combining both loss- and gain-of-function genetic approaches, we show that the miR-23~27~24 clusters regulate multiple aspects of T cell biology, particularly helper T (Th) 2 immunity. Low expression of this miRNA family confers proper effector T cell function at both physiological and pathological settings. Further studies in T cells with exaggerated regulation by individual members of the miR-23~27~24 clusters revealed that miR-24 and miR-27 collaboratively limit Th2 responses through targeting IL-4 and GATA3 in both direct and indirect manners. Intriguingly, although overexpression of the entire miR-23 cluster also negatively impacts other Th lineages, enforced expression of miR-24, in contrast to miR-23 and miR-27, actually promotes the differentiation of Th1, Th17, and induced regulatory T cells, implying that under certain conditions, miRNA families can fine tune the biological effects of their regulation by having individual members antagonize rather than cooperate with each other. Together, our results identify a miRNA family with important immunological roles and suggest that tight regulation of miR-23~27~24 clusters in T cells is required to maintain optimal effector function and to prevent aberrant immune responses
Thermopower and thermal conductivity of superconducting perovskite
The thermopower and thermal conductivity of superconducting perovskite
( 8 K) have been studied. The thermopower is negative
from room temperature to 10 K. Combining with the negative Hall coefficient
reported previously, the negative thermopower definetly indicates that the
carrier in is electron-type. The nonlinear temperature dependence of
thermopower below 150 K is explained by the electron-phonon interaction
renormalization effects. The thermal conductivity is of the order for
intermetallics, larger than that of borocarbides and smaller than . In
the normal state, the electronic contribution to the total thermal conductivity
is slightly larger than the lattice contribution. The transverse
magnetoresistance of is also measured. It is found that the classical
Kohler's rule is valid above 50 K. An electronic crossover occures at , resulting in the abnormal behavior of resistivity, thermopower, and
magnetoresistance below 50 K.Comment: Revised on 12 September 2001, Phys. Rev. B in pres
Striped antiferromagnetic order and electronic properties of stoichiometric LiFeAs from first-principles calculations
We investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of
stoichiometric LiFeAs by using state-of-the-arts first-principles method. We
find the magnetic ground-state by comparing the total energies among all the
possible magnetic orders. Our calculated internal positions of Li and As are in
good agreement with experiment. Our results show that stoichiometric LiFeAs has
almost the same striped antiferromagnetic spin order as other FeAs-based parent
compounds and tetragonal FeSe do, and the experimental fact that no magnetic
phase transition has been observed at finite temperature is attributed to the
tiny inter-layer spin coupling
Dynamical Mean Field Theory for Self-Generated Quantum Glasses
We present a many body approach for non-equilibrium behavior and
self-generated glassiness in strongly correlated quantum systems. It combines
the dynamical mean field theory of equilibrium systems with the replica theory
for classical glasses without quenched disorder. We apply this approach to
study a quantized version of the Brazovskii model and find a self-generated
quantum glass that remains in a quantum mechanically mixed state as T -> 0.
This quantum glass is formed by a large number of competing states spread over
an energy region which is determined within our theory.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Splitting of Folded Strings in AdS_4*CP^3
We study classically splitting of two kinds of folded string solutions in
AdS_4*CP^3. Conserved charges of the produced fragments are computed for each
case. We find interesting patterns among these conserved charges.Comment: minor changes, 14 pages, no figure
QED Effective Action at Finite Temperature: Two-Loop Dominance
We calculate the two-loop effective action of QED for arbitrary constant
electromagnetic fields at finite temperature T in the limit of T much smaller
than the electron mass. It is shown that in this regime the two-loop
contribution always exceeds the influence of the one-loop part due to the
thermal excitation of the internal photon. As an application, we study light
propagation and photon splitting in the presence of a magnetic background field
at low temperature. We furthermore discover a thermally induced contribution to
pair production in electric fields.Comment: 34 pages, 4 figures, LaTe
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