1,433 research outputs found
Islamic ideology and religious practice among Muslims in a southern Sri Lankan town
The thesis is concerned with an examination of Islam in Sri Lanka.
It argues that while Sri Lankan Islam shares an ideology with the
Islamic world, it has a specificity which may only be understood with
reference to its particular historical and cultural context. As an
Islamic community on the periphery of the Islamic world, Sri Lankan
Muslims find their ideology, enduringly problematic. They must
continually assert their egalitarian ideology, within the
hierarchically ordered cosmological universe, that they share with
Sinhalese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus. They must further assert their
egalitarianism in the face of constant forces of stratification,
internal to the Muslim community itself. Islamic ideology, given this
particular cultural context, is both determining and constitutive of
the community. The consolidation of the varied histories of the
diverse Muslim community in the late colonial period is shown to be
an aspect of hegemonic domination of the community by a fraction of
it.
The structure and force of Islamic ideology as revealed in Sri Lanka
is discussed through an examination of religious understanding and
ritual practice. The significance of the myths behind, and practices
associated with, the shrines of the saints are explored and
contrasted with those elsewhere in the Muslim world. Critical
distinctions in the practice of Muslim saint 'worship' are discussed.
The centrality of the mosque and the male religious community are
examined, and the articulation of the mosque with the domestic order
is clearly outlined. Sri Lankan Muslims elaborate, through their
calendrical ritual, a constant regeneration of the Islamic community
- ummah. At its most fundamental level this regeneration requires the
unification of male and female, mosque and house. This practice is
a constant metaphor of the original basis, and current practice, of
the Sri Lankan Muslim community, founded by the marriages of Arab
Muslims to indigenous women, in whose houses they took up residence.
Regenerative symbols in this context are those of food and hearth,
and feast practices reveal the constant constitution of the community
through its rituals of communal commensality. The calendrical aspects
of the regeneration are most readily determined through a discussion
of the ritual complex surrounding Ramazan and culminating in the
Feast of Sacrifice at the end of the Hajj. The ideological
constitution of the ummah, at its various levels of incorporation,
is examined from the perspective of the Sri Lankan Muslims. A
perspective in which they as one of a multitude of specific,
culturally and historically diverse communities of the Muslim world,
participate in a calendrical ritual cycle, which they perceive at the
ideological level, to embrace them all
COVID-19 and Opioid Use in Appalachian Kentucky: Challenges and Silver Linings
Appalachian Kentucky is currently fighting two public health emergencies – COVID-19 and the opioid epidemic – leaving the area strapped for resources to care for these ongoing crises. During this time, people who use opioids (PWUO) have increased vulnerability to fatal overdoses and drug-related harms (e.g., HIV). Disruption of already limited services posed by COVID-19 could have an especially detrimental impact on the health of PWUO. Though the COVID-19 pandemic is jeopardizing hard-won progress in fighting the opioid epidemic, innovations in state policy and service delivery brought about by the pandemic may improve the health of PWUO long-term if they are retained
Statistics of soliton-bearing systems with additive noise
We present a consistent method to calculate the probability distribution of
soliton parameters in systems with additive noise. Even though a weak noise is
considered, we are interested in probabilities of large fluctuations (generally
non-Gaussian) which are beyond perturbation theory. Our method is a further
development of the instanton formalism (method of optimal fluctuation) based on
a saddle-point approximation in the path integral. We first solve a fundamental
problem of soliton statistics governing by noisy Nonlinear Schr\"odinger
Equation (NSE). We then apply our method to optical soliton transmission
systems using signal control elements (filters, amplitude and phase
modulators).Comment: 4 pages. Submitted to PR
Influence of grain-refiner addition on the morphology of fe-bearing intermetallics in a semi-solid processed Al-Mg-Si alloy
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2013The three-dimensional morphologies of the Fe-bearing intermetallics in a semisolid-processed Al-Mg-Si alloy were examined after extracting the intermetallics. α -AlFeSi and β-AlFeSi are the major Fe-bearing intermetallics. Addition of Al-Ti-B grain refiner typically promotes β-AlFeSi formation. β-AlFeSi was observed with a flat, plate-like morphology with angular edges in the alloy with and without grain refiner, whereas α -AlFeSi was observed as "flower"-like morphology in the alloy with grain refiner. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International
The floor in the interplanetary magnetic field: Estimation on the basis of relative duration of ICME observations in solar wind during 1976-2000
To measure the floor in interplanetary magnetic field and estimate the time-
invariant open magnetic flux of Sun, it is necessary to know a part of magnetic
field of Sun carried away by CMEs. In contrast with previous papers, we did not
use global solar parameters: we identified different large-scale types of solar
wind for 1976-2000 interval, obtained a fraction of interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs)
and calculated magnitude of interplanetary magnetic field B averaged over 2
Carrington rotations. The floor of magnetic field is estimated as B value at
solar cycle minimum when the ICMEs were not observed and it was calculated to
be 4,65 \pm 6,0 nT. Obtained value is in a good agreement with previous
results.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, submitted in GR
The Structure of a Rigorously Conserved RNA Element within the SARS Virus Genome
We have solved the three-dimensional crystal structure of the stem-loop II motif (s2m) RNA element of the SARS virus genome to 2.7-Å resolution. SARS and related coronaviruses and astroviruses all possess a motif at the 3′ end of their RNA genomes, called the s2m, whose pathogenic importance is inferred from its rigorous sequence conservation in an otherwise rapidly mutable RNA genome. We find that this extreme conservation is clearly explained by the requirement to form a highly structured RNA whose unique tertiary structure includes a sharp 90° kink of the helix axis and several novel longer-range tertiary interactions. The tertiary base interactions create a tunnel that runs perpendicular to the main helical axis whose interior is negatively charged and binds two magnesium ions. These unusual features likely form interaction surfaces with conserved host cell components or other reactive sites required for virus function. Based on its conservation in viral pathogen genomes and its absence in the human genome, we suggest that these unusual structural features in the s2m RNA element are attractive targets for the design of anti-viral therapeutic agents. Structural genomics has sought to deduce protein function based on three-dimensional homology. Here we have extended this approach to RNA by proposing potential functions for a rigorously conserved set of RNA tertiary structural interactions that occur within the SARS RNA genome itself. Based on tertiary structural comparisons, we propose the s2m RNA binds one or more proteins possessing an oligomer-binding-like fold, and we suggest a possible mechanism for SARS viral RNA hijacking of host protein synthesis, both based upon observed s2m RNA macromolecular mimicry of a relevant ribosomal RNA fold
Theta angle versus CP violation in the leptonic sector
Assuming that the axion mechanism of solving the strong CP problem does not
exist and the vanishing of theta at tree level is achieved by some
model-building means, we study the naturalness of having large CP-violating
sources in the leptonic sector. We consider the radiative mechanisms which
transfer a possibly large CP-violating phase in the leptonic sector to the
theta parameter. It is found that large theta cannot be induced in the models
with one Higgs doublet as at least three loops are required in this case. In
the models with two or more Higgs doublets the dominant source of theta is the
phases in the scalar potential, induced by CP violation in leptonic sector.
Thus, in the MSSM framework the imaginary part of the trilinear soft-breaking
parameter A_l generates the corrections to the theta angle already at one loop.
These corrections are large, excluding the possibility of large phases, unless
the universality in the slepton sector is strongly violated.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
The Physics of turbulent and dynamically unstable Herbig-Haro jets
The overall properties of the Herbig-Haro objects such as centerline
velocity, transversal profile of velocity, flow of mass and energy are
explained adopting two models for the turbulent jet. The complex shapes of the
Herbig-Haro objects, such as the arc in HH34 can be explained introducing the
combination of different kinematic effects such as velocity behavior along the
main direction of the jet and the velocity of the star in the interstellar
medium. The behavior of the intensity or brightness of the line of emission is
explored in three different cases : transversal 1D cut, longitudinal 1D cut and
2D map. An analytical explanation for the enhancement in intensity or
brightness such as usually modeled by the bow shock is given by a careful
analysis of the geometrical properties of the torus.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics &
Spac
Scaling Behavior of Anomalous Hall Effect and Longitudinal Nonlinear Response in High-Tc Superconductors
Based on existing theoretical model and by considering our longitudinal
nonlinear response function, we derive a nonliear equation in which the mixed
state Hall resistivity can be expressed as an analytical function of magnetic
field, temperature and applied current. This equation enables one to compare
quantitatively the experimental data with theoretical model. We also find some
new scaling relations of the temperature and field dependency of Hall
resistivity. The comparison between our theoretical curves and experimental
data shows a fair agreement.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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