3 research outputs found
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Background. At present, for a number of reasons the complete bone defect replacement with autogenous bone is not always possible. Bone substitute materials are used as an alternative to autogenous bone tissue and can be of either biological or non-biological origin. One of the ways of development of reconstructive technologies is the use of tissue-engineered constructs that fully imitate autogenous bone tissue in the required volume.
Aim of study to define in vivo the possibility of using deproteinized human cancellous bone tissue as a matrix for creating tissue-engineered constructs.
Methods. An in vivo study was carried out on NZW rabbits. To create a construct, we used the fragments of deproteinized cancellous bone tissue of the human femoral head and stromal vascular fraction of rabbit adipose tissue as a matrix. Bone defect modeling with its subsequent replacement was performed to evaluate the efficacy of reparative osteogenesis during bone defects reconstruction. Study groups were defined: group 1 (control) surgical modeling of a bone defect of the femur without its reconstruction; group 2 surgical modeling of a bone defect of the femur with its reconstruction using fragments of deproteinized cancellous bone matrix; group 3 surgical modeling of a bone defect of the femur with its reconstruction using fragments of deproteinized cancellous bone matrix in combination with stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue (according to ACP SVF technology).
Results. Comparative analysis of reparative processes in case of applying tissue-engineered constructs based on deproteinized human cancellous bone matrix in combination with adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction on in vivo experimental model revealed that the use of these bone substitute materials contributes not only to an early activation of reparative regeneration of main structural elements of the bone tissue in the area of the bone defect replacement, but also to its well-timed differentiation. This determines the restoration of structural and functional viability of the bone tissue at the damage site without developing discernible reactive inflammation. Moreover, the effect of the selected tissue-engineered construct with the combined influence of several factors (ACP SVF) in its composition turned out to be more effective in stimulating bone tissue repair and differentiation.
Conclusion. Combination of SVF and deproteinized bone matrix for creating tissue-engineered constructs enables to engage several regeneration mechanisms and accelerate the process of bone defect replacement in comparison with isolated deproteinized bone matrix without bone defect reconstruction.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ in vivo Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ in vivo ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ NZW. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: 1-Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ) Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ; 2-Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ; 3-Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ (ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ACP SVF).
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. CΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ in vivo Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ACP SVF) Π² Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ SVF Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°