Legal regulation of mortgage lending: the experience of Russia and foreign countries

In this paper, authors carry out an analysis of regulation of legal relationships in the sphere of mortgage lending, based on studies of certain international legal acts, monographic publications and scientific publications. They analyze, in particular, the German mortgage lending system, elements of which are used in the development of the Russian mortgage system. The common features and peculiarities of mortgage lending in Germany and Russia are note

Vitamin D (steroid hormone) and the nervous system diseases (literature review)

The present review aims to summarize the activities of vitamin D effects on the nervous system and to clarify a vitamin D role in brain diseases, in the pathogenesis or as a serum biomarker for the disease development and severity. Objective: correlation between chronic nervous system diseases and vitamin D level. Methods: a literature research in PubMed and in Russian electronic resources by keywords: vitamin D, brain diseases, chronic nervous system diseases. Results. Vitamin D as a neurosteroid hormone stimulates cerebral activity in both adult and embryonic brain regulates the activity of neural circuits which are responsible for locomotor, reward-dependent and emotional behavior. Patients with autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease and sleep disorders have been shown to have low level of vitamin D. Discussion. Data are controversial, a further study of vitamin D hypovitaminosis significance is essential for the nervous system chronic diseases manifestation and evaluation of the vitamin D dietary supplement efficiency in patients with the nervous system pathology

Качество жизни при цервикальной дистонии

The aim of the study was to study the physical and psychological components regarding the quality of life of patients with cervical dystonia.Material and methods. 170 respondents were examined. The main group included 120 patients with cervical dystonia, 50 patients were included in the control group, consisting of patients with cervicalgia of various genesis. The diagnosis of cervical dystonia met uniform criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of dystonia adopted in 2011 by the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Movement Disorders Society (European Federation of Neurological Societies / Movement Disorders Society, EFNS / MDS). In the control group, the pain syndrome of the cervical spine was caused by a degenerative process and was confirmed by X-ray examination and /or MRI. As part of our research, we determined the quality of life in men and women in both groups using the SF-36 questionnaire with a study of the parameters of physical and psychological well-being.Results and conclusion. A considerably significant effect of cervical dystonia on the somatic and mental  parameters regarding the quality of life in both men and women has been established. Significant decrease in all indicators representing the quality of life in patients with cervical dystonia was revealed compared with respondents without dystonic hyperkinesis. As a chronic disease, cervical dystonia leads to psycho-physiological stress, which significantly impairs the quality of life of patients. Significant gender differences were identified: women from the groups of cervical dystonia and cervicalgia were more often exposed to psychological deprivation and reduced physical activity than men from the same groups.Цель. Изучить физические и психологические составляющие качества жизни больных, страдающих цервикальной дистонией.Материалы и методы. Обследованы 170 респондентов: 120 пациентов с цервикальной дистонией составили основную группу, 50 человек включены в группу контроля – респонденты с цервикалгиями различного генеза. Диагноз цервикальной дистонии установлен клинически, согласно единым критериям по диагностике и лечению дистонии, принятым в 2011 г. Европейской федерацией неврологических обществ и Обществом двигательных расстройств (European Federation of Neurological Societies / Movement Disorders Society, EFNS / MDS). Болевой синдром в шейном отделе позвоночника у группы контроля был вызван дегенеративным процессом и подтвержден рентгенографическим обследованием и (или) магнитно-резонансной томографией. В рамках проводимого нами исследования определялось качество жизни у мужчин и женщин в обеих группах с помощью опросника SF-36 с изучением параметров физического и психологического благополучия.Результаты и заключение. Установлено достоверно значимое влияние цервикальной дистонии на соматические и психические параметры качества жизни как у мужчин, так и у женщин. Выявлено достоверное снижение всех показателей качества жизни у больных цервикальной дистонией по сравнению с респондентами, не имеющих дистонического гиперкинеза. Цервикальная дистония как хроническое заболевание приводит к психофизиологическому напряжению, что значительно ухудшает качество жизни больных. Выявлены достоверные гендерные внутригрупповые различия: женщины из групп цервикальной дистонии и цервикалгий в большей степени подвержены психологической депривации и снижению физической деятельности, чем мужчины из этих же групп

Energy scan of the e+e−→hb(nP)π+π−e^+e^- \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^- (n=1,2)(n=1,2) cross sections and evidence for Υ(11020)\Upsilon(11020) decays into charged bottomonium-like states

Using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider, we measure the energy dependence of the $e^+e^- \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^-$ $(n=1,2)$ cross sections from thresholds up to $11.02\,$GeV. We find clear $\Upsilon(10860)$ and $\Upsilon(11020)$ peaks with little or no continuum contribution. We study the resonant substructure of the $\Upsilon(11020) \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^-$ transitions and find evidence that they proceed entirely via the intermediate isovector states $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$. The relative fraction of these states is loosely constrained by the current data: the hypothesis that only $Z_b(10610)$ is produced is excluded at the level of 3.3 standard deviations, while the hypothesis that only $Z_b(10650)$ is produced is not excluded at a significant level.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter

THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER: RELATIONSHIP WITH EFFICIENCY OF CHEMOTHERAPY

Chemotherapy is among the primary methods of treating advanced breast cancer. It was shown that clinical efficacy of various chemotherapeutic agents in many cases depends not only on their direct cytostatic and/or cytotoxic effect upon tumor cells, but also on their ability to modulate phenotype of the tumor cells and to influence anti-tumor immune response. Initial state of the immune system and its response to treatment is crucial. Antitumor response involves cells of innate and adaptive immunity (NK, NKT, T cells). These populations are heterogeneous and contain, e.g., cells with antitumor activity and regulatory (suppressor) cells that suppress immune response and promote tumor progression. The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between the initial state of cellular immunity of patients suffering from locally advanced breast cancer with triple negative phenotype, and clinical effect of chemotherapy (cisplatin + doxorubicin/paclitaxel), and studying effects of the therapy upon subpopulation profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the patients. We registered the terms of the disease progression as well as overall survival and progression-free survival. The disease progressed in 25 of 53 cases (47.2%) whereas 28 of 53 patients (52.8%) remained progression-free. The observation period was 35.5 months. Laboratory examination of the patients included immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes and determination of NK cell cytotoxic activity before and after chemotherapy. Percentages of effectors and regulatory lymphocyte populations were determined. The results obtained showed that, for some lymphocyte subsets, the pre-treatment differences of cell percentage deviations from control were found between the progression-free groups and patients with progression of the disease. The differences in percentages of NKT cells and lymphocytes expressing CD25 activation marker proved to be most significant. Decreased number of NKT cells and activated CD25+ lymphocytes prior to chemotherapy was associated with increased probability of disease progression. Reduced percentage of NKT cells against control was observed in 56% of patients from the progression group (PD), and only 21.4% in the group free of disease progression (DF). [OR = 4.6 (95% CI 1.4 to 15.4)]. Percentage of CD25+ lymphocytes was decreased from 68.2% in the PD group, and 28.6% for DF patients [OR = 5.4 (95% CI 1.6-18.1)]. We studied relationships between the overall survival (OS) and percentage of perforin-containing NK, NKT, and T cells, and mean perforin fluorescence density (PFD) in these lymphocyte subsets in 26 of the 53 patients before treatment. A statistically significant positive correlation was revealed between OS and perforin PFD in all the three cell populations under study. Normalization of the parameters altered before treatment, and an increase of T cell numbers was observed in the disease-free patients

Search for Λc+→ϕpπ0\Lambda_c^+\to\phi p \pi^0 and branching fraction measurement of Λc+→K−π+pπ0\Lambda_c^+\to K^-\pi^+ p \pi^0

We have searched for the Cabibbo-suppressed decay $\Lambda_c^+\to\phi p\pi^0$ in $e^+e^-$ collisions using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 915 $\rm fb^{-1}$. The data were collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ asymmetric-energy collider running at or near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ and $\Upsilon(5S)$ resonances. No significant signal is observed, and we set an upper limit on the branching fraction of $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_c^+\to \phi p\pi^0) <15.3\times10^{-5}$ at 90% confidence level. The contribution for nonresonant $\Lambda_c^+\to K^+K^- p\pi^0$ decays is found to be consistent with zero and the corresponding upper limit on its branching fraction is set to be $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_c^+\to K^+K^-p\pi^0)_{\rm NR} <6.3\times10^{-5}$ at 90% confidence level. We also measure the branching fraction for the Cabibbo-favored decay $\Lambda_c^+\to K^-\pi^+p\pi^0$; the result is $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_c^+\to K^-\pi^+p\pi^0)= (4.42\pm0.05\, (\rm stat.) \pm 0.12\, (\rm syst.) \pm 0.16\, (\mathcal{B}_{\rm Norm}))\%$, which is the most precise measurement to date. Finally, we have searched for an intermediate hidden-strangeness pentaquark decay $P^+_s\to\phi p$. We see no evidence for this intermediate decay and set an upper limit on the product branching fraction of ${\cal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to P^+_s \pi^0)\times {\cal B}(P^+_s\to\phi p) <8.3\times 10^{-5}$ at 90% confidence level.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, minor text change in version

Observation of D0→ρ0γD^0\to \rho^0\gamma and search for CPCP violation in radiative charm decays

We report the first observation of the radiative charm decay $D^0 \to \rho^0 \gamma$ and the first search for $CP$ violation in decays $D^0 \to \rho^0 \gamma$, $\phi\gamma$, and $\overline{K}{}^{*0} \gamma$, using a data sample of 943 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. The branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(D^0 \to \rho^0 \gamma)=(1.77 \pm 0.30 \pm 0.07) \times 10^{-5}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The obtained $CP$ asymmetries, $\mathcal{A}_{CP}(D^0 \to \rho^0 \gamma)=+0.056 \pm 0.152 \pm 0.006$, $\mathcal{A}_{CP}(D^0 \to \phi \gamma)=-0.094 \pm 0.066 \pm 0.001$, and $\mathcal{A}_{CP}(D^0 \to \overline{K}{}^{*0} \gamma)=-0.003 \pm 0.020 \pm 0.000$, are consistent with no $CP$ violation. We also present an improved measurement of the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(D^0 \to \phi \gamma)=(2.76 \pm 0.19 \pm 0.10) \times 10^{-5}$ and $\mathcal{B}(D^0 \to \overline{K}{}^{*0} \gamma)=(4.66 \pm 0.21 \pm 0.21) \times 10^{-4}$