IMMUNOLOGICAL AND PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EARLY AND LATE PREECLAMPSIA

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and it can be after 20 weeks of gestation. It ends only with a complete dissection of afterbirth. Traditionally, PE is subdivided into the early one, taking place through 34 weeks of pregnancy (EOPE) and the late one, which is after 34 weeks of gestation (LOPE). Clinical manifestations are similar in both cases however, risk factors and the severity of PE are different . It has been established that EOPE is determined by impaired trophoblast invasion and transformation of the spiral arteries of the uterus in early pregnancy, and late onset of PE is associated with oxidative stress of syncytiotrophoblast, which occurs secondarily, with limited gas exchange and insufficient intake of nutrients. Numerous studies have noted a significant contribution of immune responses to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, however, the state of B-lymphocytes in EOPE and LOPE has not been studied. A comprehensive assessment of the condition of women with early (up to 34 weeks of pregnancy inclusive) and late (after 34 weeks) development of preeclampsia was carried out, taking into account clinical and anamnestic characteristics, the peculiarities of the formation of the structural components of the placenta, as well as determining the nature of differentiation and functional activity of B-lymphocytes. In peripheral venous blood, the content of CD19+, CD20+, CD19+CD27+IgD±, CD19+CD20- CD38+, CD20+CD5+-cells and serum levels of IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 were examined. Morphological examination included gross description, organometry, survey histology, and transmission electron microscopy. In the group of women with early preeclampsia in history, there were more often perinatal losses, premature births and medical abortions, and in the current pregnancy, intrauterine infection, oligohydramnios, placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation. With late preeclampsia, metabolic syndrome, anemia, and a history of arterial hypertension were more often observed. In the peripheral blood of all women with preeclampsia, there was an increase in the content of CD20+CD5+-cells in comparison with those in uncomplicated pregnancy, more pronounced in the late onset of preeclampsia. Only in women with early preeclampsia blood levels of CD19+CD20- CD38+ and CD19+CD27+IgD±-cells, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 increased. Studies of the placenta in early preeclampsia indicated impaired implantation and pathological placentation with the development of primary placental insufficiency, which becomes chronic. In late preeclampsia, the development of placental insufficiency was determined by chronic disorders of maternal and fetal hemocirculation with increased deposition of fibrin and fibrinoid in the basal lamina and in the zones of villous epithelium necrosis. The study showed that the timing of the manifestation of preeclampsia is determined by the action of factors of the clinical history, structural rearrangements in the placenta and immune responses of B-lymphocytes are closely interrelated

SERUM CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE ACTIVITY IN RABBITS DURING REGENERATION OF EXPERIMENTALLY DAMAGED MUSCLE TISSUE AND AFTER ITS STIMULATION BY TRANSPLANTED MSC

According to statistics, in modern veterinary practice, the percentage of muscle injuries among sport and working animals ranges from 40–70% of sports injuries. Quite often there are cases with muscle injuries of skeletal muscles, namely extremities. This scientific work describes the research methodology, stages of research step-by-step, and studies the relationship of dynamics of the activity of a single biochemical blood indicator. The essence of the method was to model the injury of muscle tissue performed by the skin and fascia dissection and cutting off in the area of the midplane of the pelvic head of the biceps femoris muscle, measuring 1.5×1.5 cm to a depth of 1.5 cm of muscle tissue in 105 laboratory animals, divided into 4 groups with the use of various treatment methods. We analyze the results of one of the most effective biochemical methods for diagnosing damage of muscle fibers in the skeletal system and compare the activity of the creatine phosphokinase iso-enzyme depending on the stage of the study. Other research methods such as clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographic, and histological were recorded on 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days. We analyzed the latest literature sources and concluded that on the 4th and 7th days, the level of creatine phosphokinase in the groups with intravenous and intramuscular administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells is higher than the reference values but significantly lower compared to the control groups and the traditional method of treatment. But we observe a significant decrease in serum creatine phosphokinase levels 2 times in rabbits on the 10th day in the intravenous administration group compared with the control group of animals and in 1.6 times compared with traditional treatment. The group of animals with intramuscular administration has reference values on the 14th day, compared with the control in 1.3 times lower, traditional treatment in 1.2 times. And on the 21st day, we get reference values for a group of animals with traditional treatment. The level of creatine phosphokinase activity decreases in the control group of animals on the 28th day of the research, which indicates a complete muscle rupture. The results of studies showed that the highest activity of the creatine phosphokinase enzyme during the study was shown by groups of animals with control and traditional treatment, which indicated significant structural, functional, and destructive disorders of the muscle fibers of skeletal tissues with severe trauma. Thus, it is noted that the activity of the enzyme in conditions of damage of skeletal muscle tends to increase in accordance with the severity of the injury

PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF PLACENTA IN WOMEN WITH PRETERM BIRTHS AT DIFFERENT AGE OF GESTATION

The aim: to identify pathological characteristics of placenta in women with preterm labor according to the gestational age.Materials and methods. The study involved 55 women who gave birth prematurely: 21 women with gestational age from |22 to 32 weeks (group 1) and 34 women with gestational age from 32 to 37 weeks (group 2). All the women had spontaneous singleton pregnancies followed by preterm spontaneous births. We conducted a comparative analysis of the social, clinical and amnestic information, as well as a histopathological study of the placentas; the latter included macroscopic description, organometry and microscopic morphology. The analysis aimed to identify the placental factors associated with the premature delivery occurred before and after 32 weeks of gestation.Results. The study revealed a number of anamnestic and clinical factors associated with preterm births. At a gestational age up to 32 weeks, the placentas showed hypoplasia with a mass deficit of more than 30% in combination with proliferative vylusitis, post-inflammatory hypovascularization, abnormal differentiation of the vascular-stromal component of the villi, and insufficient compensatory and adaptive reactions. After 32 weeks of pregnancy the placenta characteristics included chronic disorders of the maternal and fetal blood circulation, compensatory hyperplasia of the terminal villi, capillaries and their syncytia capillary membranes.Conclusion. There is a need for individual rehabilitation programs for women with the history of preterm births that would include their clinical and anamnestic background together with the pathomorphological characteristics of their placentas. Such a program is expected to help these women to be better prepared prior to their subsequent pregnancy

Polymorphism of the detoxification system genes and the main hystocompatibility complex HLA of Ii class in extremely premature newborns with congenital pneumonia

Objective. To study the polymorphism of HLA system genes of II class (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1) in extremely preterm infants with birth weight less than l500g with congenital pneumonia, and to determine the risk factors for the formation of this disease.Material and methods. The researchers carried out a comprehensive study of 103 newborns. Group I: children with clinical and laboratory signs of congenital pneumonia («=61), and Group II: children with respiratory distress syndrome and without congenital pneumonia («=42). Genomic DNA was isolated from lymphocytes of venous blood and buccal scraping epithelial cells. The HLA class II genes were analyzed using a classical polymerase chain reaction.Results. The group of children with congenital pneumonia revealed an increase in the frequency of alleles DRB1*04 and DRB1*15, together with DQB1 0302/0602 genotype, thus, these genes may have the predisposing effect to the development of this disease and may serve a molecular genetic predictor of this disease. The genotype of preterm newborns with congenital pneumonia included the DRB1*13, DQA1*0103, DQB1*0501, DRB1*13/13; DQA1*0101/0103; DQB1*0501/0602; GSTM1 +/+ GSTT1 +/+ DRB1*13 DQA1*0501 DQB1*0301, alleles less frequently, those alleles had a protective effect against the development of the lung tissue inflammation. We found no statistically significant differences in the frequency of low-functional alleles of the glutatitone-S-trans-ferase family genes (GSTM1 and GStTi).Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to personalize the treatment and diagnostic process for preterm infants