Actual and potential activity of oil-polluted sod-podzolic soil by action of phytomeliorant Carex Hirta L.

In the field and laboratory experience oil pollution influence (5 %) on biological activity of sod-podzolic soil of Borislav with phytorecultavion activity of plants C. hirta was estimated. The carried out examinations have demonstrated low cellulose activity as in the background and model soil. In the oil-polluted soil, we determined higher resistance of urease compared to cellulase. Cellulase activity decreased, and urease activity increased at the oil pollution. Potential biological activity was higher in comparison with actual both at background and in oil-polluted soil. Oil contamination incremented anaerobic process of cellulose decomposing. Destruction of cellulose of filter disks from a soil surface was slower, than filter disks from beneath soil. The carried out examinations have demonstrated, that growth of C. hirta influenced variation of biological activity of oil-polluted soil. Growth of plants C. hirta enriched biological properties of the oil-polluted soil. In rhizosphere region of plants actual and potential activity was higher compared to a space between rows. Cellulase and urease activity of the background and oil-polluted soil in rhizosphere region of plants C. hirta was incremented compared to a row-spacing

Microflora activity of clued oil contaminated soil in rhizosphere of Carex hirta L. plants

The influence of Carex hirta plants on microflora of the petroleum polluted soil was investigated. Some groups of microorganisms were detected by the modified method of glasses encrustation. Positive influence of Carex hirta plants on microflora of crude oil contaminated soil (50 g/kg) was estimated

Excized leaf water status as a measure of drought resistance of Ukrai­nian spring wheat

Drought tolerance of 24 Ukrainian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., T. durum Desf., T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum) genotypes was estimated by determining water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC), excised leaves water loss weight (EL WLW), excised leaves water loss per area (EL WLA) in flag leaves of plants grown in a field conditions during Y2018 vegetative season, that was characterized by low precipitation and high temperatures. Field experimental plots were located near Dmytriv village, Lviv region (50°13´26.6´´N 24°36´50.5´´E) on the Chernozem on eluvium of carbonate rock soil. Wheat was sown in a randomized complete block design in four replications of 30 m2 plot area. The purpose of this study was to verify more reliably a physiological traits used for screening of the performance under the restricted water supply and to correlate the varietal tolerance with the final grain yield. Water status parameters were determined on the Zadoks 4.3 growth stage. Water deficit caused a reduction in the leaf RWC for all studied varieties. Differences in the drought response between T. aestivum and T. durum varieties were confirmed. The WD of flag leaves ranged from 18.0 to 37.8 % for bread and from 19.4 to 33.3 % for durum wheat varieties. The lowest WD (less or equal 20 %) has been recorded for bread varieties Kolektyvna 3, Elehiia myronivs’ka and durum varieties – Diana, Chado. High WD noted for the Simkoda myronivs’ka and MIP Raiduzhna. The low EL WLW and therefore higher drought tolerance was noticed for durum wheat varieties, namely for Spadschyna, Diana. Bread wheat varieties Simkoda myronivs’ka, Panianka, and durum wheat Zhizel’, Tera, MIP Raiduzhna and emmer Holikovs’ka varieties lost less water per leaf area (EL WLA). Past 3 biplot correlation analysis confirmed MIP Raiduzhna drought tolerance, and allowed to choose Zhizel’ (durum), Holikovs’ka (emmer) and Simkoda myronivs’ka (bread) as varieties with a high yield performance and drought tolerance. Bread varieties Bozhena and Dubravka, durum Spadschyna, Diana varieties were susceptible to drought in spite of relatively high leaf RWC. Thus, excised leaves water loss – EL WLW and EL WLA indices characte­rizing water-retaining ability of leaf tissues could be recommended as additional indicators of water stress tolerance. RWC as drought tolerance parameter is more applicable for durum varieties, whereas EL WLA 2–6 h for the bread varieties