Measurement of Counting Statistics of Electron Transport in a Tunnel Junction

We present measurements of the time-dependent fluctuations in electrical current in a voltage-biased tunnel junction. We were able to simultaneously extract the first three moments of the tunnel current counting statistics. Detailed comparison of the second and the third moment reveals that counting statistics is accurately described by the Poissonian distribution expected for spontaneous current fluctuations due to electron charge discreteness, realized in tunneling transport at negligible coupling to environment.Comment: bibliography expande

CURRENT PROBLEMS TUBERCULOSIS EPIDEMIC SITUATION IN SOUTHERN RUSSIA, TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

Purpose: the estimation of an epidemic situation on a tuberculosis in the south of Russia: in Southern and North Caucasian federal districts; revealing of the basic problems; definition of priority directions of the organization of struggle against a tuberculosis.Materials and methods: the comparative retrospective analysis of the basic epidemic parameters on a tuberculosis in subjects SFD and NCFD for the period 2005 – is lead(carried out) 2011.Results: for the period since 2005 on 2011 the epidemic situation in the south of Russia has improved, that proves to be true decrease(reduction) in parameters of desease, morbidity and death rate from a tuberculosis. The basic problems now are insufficient scope of the population by preventive inspections on a tuberculosis and researches on medicinal stability МВТ to antitubercular preparations, and also insufficient security фтизиатрической services the diagnostic equipment.Summary: Priority directions of the organization of struggle against a tuberculosis in the south of Russia are improvement of quality of early revealing and diagnostics of a tuberculosis with application of preparation Diaskintest ® and preventive photoroentgenography; maintenance of antitubercular establishments with devices Bactec for express train - diagnostics of a tuberculosis and definition of medicinal stability МВТ

DIAGNOSTICS OF THE ACTIVE AND LATENT TUBERCULAR INFECTION AMONG CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS USING DIASKINTEST PREPARATION

Purpose: To estimate the efficiency of test using Diaskintest preparation for tubercular infection’s identification and an opportunity of it’s usage in decision the problem of preventive tubercular therapy.Materials and methods: There have been included 220 children and teenagers in the research.Results: Of the total number of children, 92 patients with positive reaction to Mantu test Манту with 2 TE PPD-L and negativereaction to the test with Diaskintest preparation have been recognized infected with MBT. 79 person had positive results of theboth tests. 40 person of this number had an active tuberculosis, 2 - inactive changes, and among 25 person - tuberculosis datahas not been revealed. 10 person had negative results of the both tests. 117 patients have been recognized infected with MBT,however children with PM+DT (92 people.) did not require usage of the preventive therapies, and 25 patients with PM+DTrequired usage of the preventive therapies in connection with presence of a latent tubercular infection.Summary: There has been shown the efficiency of Diaskintest preparation in diagnostics of an active and latent tubercularinfection and an opportunity of it’s usage as an indicator of high risk of an active tuberculosis development while decision thequestion on the necessity of the preventive therapy usage

The Role of Stomatopharynx Dysbiosis in Formation of Susceptibility to Frequent Respiratory Diseases in Early Age Children

Purpose: To study stomatopharynx dysbiosis role in formation of susceptibility to frequent and durable respiratory diseases in early age children.Materials and Methods: Stomatopharynx microflora has been investigated in 76 children (aged 1-3 years) susceptible to frequent and durable respiratory diseases.Results: All the patients are stated to have dysbiotic changes in stomatopharynx microflora. It is shown that the character of disturbances in microflora composition of children’s biotope differs depending on the clinical course peculiarities of the recurrent respiratory diseases.Summary: We recommended an individual correction of stomatopharynx dysbiosis in early age children susceptible to frequent and durable respiratory diseases aimed at formation of optimal conditions for children’s immune system development, recovery of biotope colonizational resistence and reduction of the frequency and duration of acute respiratory diseases

Free-radical oxidation condition of the patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis depending on the pathogenetic treatment method

Objective: to assess the impact of the methyldioxotetrahydropyrimidine sulfonisonicotinoyl hydrazide medication on the free-radical oxidation processes and the possibility of its use as a multifunctional mean of pathogenetic tuberculosis therapy. Material and methods: a comparative analysis of treatment efficiency, clinic-laboratory data, and free-radical oxidation indices of 50 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, which obtained methyldioxotetrahydropyrimidine sulfonisonicotinoyl hydrazide and a standard pathogenetic therapy, was carried out. Results: a decrease in the frequency and severity of destruction of lung tissue, the cessation of bacterial release, rapid resolution of infiltration in the lung tissue, which was accompanied by the normalization of the parameters of the antioxidant protection system, was revealed under the influence of methyldioxotetrahydropyrimidine sulfonisonicotinoyl hydrazide. Conclusions: the use of methyldioxotetrahydropyrimidine sulfonisonicotinoyl hydrazide as a pathogenetic medication for patients, who received antituberculosis treatment, results in substantial positive clinic-laboratory dynamics, increase of treatment efficiency, and normalization of free-radical oxidation indices in comparison with those, who received standard pathogenetic therapy

DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INFILTRATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS DEPENDING ON THE NATURE OF INFLAMMATORY TISSUE REACTION (PRODUCTIVE OR EXUDATIVE)

Purpose: assessment of the free radical oxidation system and antioxidant protection, immune and cytokine status in patients with pulmonary infiltrative tuberculosis, depending on the type of inflammatory tissue reaction. Materials and Methods: the study included 60 patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis with exudative and productive type of inflammation.Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the program Statistica 6.0. Results: the patients with productive type of inflammation are mainly characterized by a limited process with poor bacterioexcretion, moderate disturbances in the free-radical oxidationsystem, antioxidant protection, immune and cytokine status. In patients with exudative type widespread destructive process with massive excretion of Mycobacterium tuberculosisprevails, as well as severe disturbances in the free-radical oxidationsystem, antioxidant protection, immune and cytokine status. Summary: the clinical and laboratory characteristics of infiltrative tuberculosis with different types of inflammatory tissue reaction should be considered duringprescription of pathogenetic treatment and prediction of the course and of the outcome of tuberculosis process