Hubungan Antara Status Gizi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Siswi SMP Negeri 10 Manado.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA SISWI SMP NEGERI 10 MANADO. Lisma La Pou1), Nova. H. Kapantow1), Maureen I. Punuh1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi ABSTRACT Anemia is a common nutritional problem in adolescents, nutritional problems in adolescent caused by incorrect nutrition behavior, namely the imbalance between nutritional intake with the recommended nutrition adequacy. According to WHO (2008), the prevalence of anemia in the world by 2005 as much as 24.8% of the total world population, the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls in Southeast Asia about 25-40% suffer from mild to severe anemia. According to Riskesdas 2013 the prevalence of anemia in adolescents is 21.7%. The problem of anemia in adolescent girls will result in motor development, mental and intelligence inhibited, reduced learning achievement and fitness level, unreachable the height maximum, negative contributed during pregnancy later, which led to the birth of babies with low birth weight (LBW), pain and mortality of mother and child. The research was conducted to female students in grade VIII and IX SMP Negeri Manado with 10 cross-sectional study design. Samples and this research amounts 186 students were chosen proportionally in every classroom and taken by systematic random sampling. Hemoglobin levels were measured by tool of the brand EasyTouch GCHb, height measurement using microtoise and weight measurement using digital scales underfoot. Bivariate analysis using Spearman correlation test. The spearman analysis statistic showd the correlation between nutritional status with genesis anemia (p=0,436).There was no correlation between nutritional status and the occurrence of anemia in adolescent girls SMP Negeri 10 Manado Keywords: anemia, nutritional status, adolescent ABSTRAK Anemia merupakan masalah gizi yang sering terjadi pada remaja, masalah gizi pada remaja dikarenakan perilaku gizi yang salah, yaitu ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi gizi dengan kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan. Menurut WHO (2008), prevalensi anemia di dunia dengan tahun 2005 sebanyak 24,8% dari total penduduk dunia, prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri di Asia Tenggara sekitar 25-40% menderita anemia tingkat ringan sampai berat. Menurut Riskesdas 2013 prevalensi anemia pada remaja yaitu sebesar 21,7%. Masalah anemia pada remaja putri akan mengakibatkan perkembangan motorik, mental dan kecerdasan terhambat, menurunnya prestasi belajar dan tingkat kebugaran, tidak tercapainya tinggi badan maksimal, kontribusi yang negatif pada masa kehamilan kelak, yang menyebabkan kelahiran bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), kesakitan dan kematian pada ibu dan anak. penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswi kelas VIII dan IX SMP Negeri 10 Manado dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Sampel dan penelitian ini sebanyak 186 siswi yang dipilih secara proporsional disetiap kelas dan diambil secara systematic random sampling. Kadar hemoglobin diukur dengan alat merk EasyTouch GCHb, pengukuran tinggi badan menggunakan microtoise dan pengukuran berat badan menggunakan timbangan injak digital. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi spearman. berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji korelasi spearman rank status gizi dengan anemia (p = 0,436). tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri SMP Negeri 10 Manado

Electron correlations and bond-length fluctuations in copper oxides: from Zhang--Rice singlets to correlation bags

We perform first principles, multiconfiguration calculations on clusters including several CuO$_6$ octahedra and study the ground-state electron distribution and electron--lattice couplings when holes are added to the undoped $d^9 p^6$ configuration. We find that the so-called Zhang--Rice state on a single CuO$_4$ plaquette is nearly degenerate with a state whose leading configuration is of the form Cu $d^9$-- O $p^5$-- Cu $d^9$. A strong coupling between the electronic and nuclear motion gives rise to large inter-site charge transfer effects for half-breathing displacements of the oxygen ions. Under the assumption of charge segregation into alternating hole-free and hole-rich stripes of Goodenough \cite{jbg_02,jbg_03}, our results seem to support the vibronic mechanism and the traveling charge-density wave model from Refs.\cite{jbg_02,jbg_03} for the superconductivity in copper oxides.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Renormalization of the quasiparticle hopping integrals by spin interactions in layered copper oxides

Holes doped within the square CuO2 network specific to the cuprate superconducting materials have oxygen 2p character. We investigate the basic properties of such oxygen holes by wavefunction-based quantum chemical calculations on large embedded clusters. We find that a 2p hole induces ferromagnetic correlations among the nearest-neighbor Cu 3d spins. When moving through the antiferromagnetic background the hole must bring along this spin polarization cloud at nearby Cu sites, which gives rise to a substantial reduction of the effective hopping parameters. Such interactions can explain the relatively low values inferred for the effective hoppings by fitting the angle-resolved photoemission data. The effect of the background antiferromagnetic couplings of renormalizing the effective nearest-neighbor hopping is also confirmed by density-matrix renormalization-group model Hamiltonian calculations for chains and ladders of CuO4 plaquettes

Augmentation of the mechanical and chemical resistance characteristics of an Al2O3-based refractory by means of high power diode laser surface treatment

Augmentation of the wear rate and wear life characteristics of an Al2O3-based refractory within both normal and corrosive (NaOH and HNO3) environmental conditions was effected by means of high power diode laser (HPDL) surface treatment. Life assessment testing revealed that the HPDL generated glaze increased the wear life of the Al2O3-based refractory by 1.27 to 13.44 times depending upon the environmental conditions. Such improvements are attributed to the fact that after laser treatment, the microstructure of the Al2O3-based refractory was altered from a porous, randomly ordered structure, to a much more dense and consolidated structure that contained fewer cracks and porosities. In a world economy that is increasingly placing more importance on material conservation, a technique of this kind for delaying the unavoidable erosion (wear) and corrosion that materials such as the Al2O3-based refractory must face may provide an economically attractive option for contemporary engineers

Determination of the absorption length of CO2, Nd:YAG and high power diode laser radiation for a selected grouting material

The laser beam absorption lengths of CO2, Nd:YAG and a high power diode laser (HPDL) radiation for a newly developed SiO2/Al2O3-based tile grout have been determined through the application of Beer-Lambert’s law. The findings revealed marked differences in the absorption lengths despite the material having similar beam absorption coefficients for the lasers. The absorption lengths for the SiO2/Al2O3-based tile grout for CO2, Nd:YAG and HPDL radiation were calculated as being 23211 m, 1934 m and 1838 m respectively. Moreover, this method of laser beam absorption length determination, which has hitherto been used predominantly with lasers operated in the pulsed mode, is shown to be valid for use with lasers operated in the continuous wave (CW) mode, depending upon the material being treated

Development of marine-based nanocomposite scaffolds for biomedical applications

Despite the increasing attention that marine organisms are receiving, many of those are not efficiently exploited and subproducts with valuable compounds are being discarded. Two examples of those subproducts are the endoskeleton of squid, from which β-­‐chitin and consecutively chitosan can be obtained; and fish-­‐bones, as a source for the production of nano-­‐ hydroxyapatite. In this work, inspired in the nanocomposite structure of human bone, marine-­‐ based nanocomposite scaffolds composed by chitosan and nano-­‐hydroxyapatite (nHA) were developed using particle aggregation methodology. Chitosan was obtained from endoskeleton of giant squid Dosidicus Gigas while fish hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized from fish-­‐bones by pulsed laser in deionized water. An innovative methodology was used based on the agglomeration of prefabricated microspheres of chitosan/nHA, generally based on the random packing of microspheres with further aggregation by physical or thermal means to create a marine nanocomposite (CHA) .The morphological analysis of the developed nanocomposites revealed a low porosity structure, but with high interconnectivity, for all produced scaffolds. Furthermore, the nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized in terms of their mechanical properties, bioactivity, crystallinity and biological behavior. The obtained results highlight that the chitosan/nHA-­‐based marine nanocomposite can be a good candidate for biomedical applications, namely on bone regeneration

Surface treatment of an Al2O3-based refractory with CO2 and high power diode lasers for improved mechanical and chemical resistance characteristics

Within both normal and corrosive (NaOH and HNO3) environmental conditions, the wear rate and wear life characteristics of an Al2O3-based refractory were greatly enhanced by means of CO2 and high power diode laser (HPDL) surface treatment. Such improvements are attributed to the fact that after laser treatment, the microstructure of the Al2O3-based refractory was altered from a porous, randomly ordered structure, to a much more dense and consolidated structure that contained fewer cracks and porosities. What is more, resulting from the different rates of solidification brought about by differences in the wavelengths of the two lasers, dissimilar microstructures were subsequently generated. Indeed, despite the fact that the glaze thickness was less, the wear life of the HPDL treated surface exceeded that of the CO2 laser treated surface in all the test environments owing to its finer, more densely packed and less cracked microstructure