86 research outputs found
ΠΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°
Chronic cerebral ischemia is a common problem especially among the elderly. It gradually leads to social disability and invalidisationΒ of those patients. One of the possible pathogenic mechanisms of this condition is the endothelial dysfunction. Thus, the attempt to repairΒ the latter is one of the treatment goals. It is assumed that actovegin improves tissue microcirculation by expanding precapillary zone βΒ the main marker of the metabolic activity in the microvascular endothelium. Actovegin activates anaerobic metabolism and oxygenationΒ in endotheliocytes. Patients, treated by actovegin, showed improvement of cognitive functions and psycho-emotional state. Due to the absenceΒ of proteins, the drug has good tolerance and low toxicity.Π₯ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° β ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΒ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° aΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ β Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ aΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉΒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅
ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅: ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
Today intravenous immunoglobulins are used increasingly in the management of patients with neurological conditions. The efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulins treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, GuillainβBarre syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy have been established in randomized controlled trials and declared in systematic reviews. There are discussions about the dose, timing, duration and necessity of repeated infusions in these disorders. The intravenous immunoglobulins treatment is an option in myasthenia gravis crisis and exacerbations the disease, stiff-person syndrome, a second-line therapy in dermatomyositis and some patients with polymyositis. The use of intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with multiple sclerosis, inclusion body myositis, resistant epilepsy is not finally proved. The review discussed the data of immunoglobulins efficacy in neurological disorders based on informative studies with an emphasis on the main criteria for choosing a drug for effective high-dose intravenous immunotherapy.Β Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΈΠΉΠ΅Π½Π°βΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ 2-ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅, ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
The role of the ultrasound examination of the brachial plexus in thoracic outlet syndrome
Introduction. Difficulties in determining the compression of the neurovascular bundle with the thoracic outlet syndrome raises the question of finding an accessible and reproducible method for the neuroimaging of the brachial plexus and surrounding tissues.Purpose of the study β to develop an ultrasound diagnostic algorithm using a stress test to determine the level and cause of brachial plexus compression in comparison with the results of a clinical assessment.Materials and methods. 111 patients with verified compression of the brachial plexus at the level of the interstitial (65.7 %) and bone-clavicular space (21.6 %), as well as the tendon of the pectoralis minor muscle (12.6 %) were examined. The study protocol including the Adson ultrasound stress test, the assessment of the lower trunk in the interstitial space, and the test with ultrasound evaluation of the axillary artery at the level of the tendon of the pectoralis minor muscle with passive abduction of the arm back and up was used.Conclusion. An ultrasound study of the brachial plexus demonstrated informativeness in assessing the level and possible cause of compression, which opens up the possibility of using the method in routine neurological practice
Photonic molecules and spectral engineering
This chapter reviews the fundamental optical properties and applications of
pho-tonic molecules (PMs) - photonic structures formed by electromagnetic
coupling of two or more optical microcavities (photonic atoms). Controllable
interaction between light and matter in photonic atoms can be further modified
and en-hanced by the manipulation of their mutual coupling. Mechanical and
optical tunability of PMs not only adds new functionalities to
microcavity-based optical components but also paves the way for their use as
testbeds for the exploration of novel physical regimes in atomic physics and
quantum optics. Theoretical studies carried on for over a decade yielded novel
PM designs that make possible lowering thresholds of semiconductor microlasers,
producing directional light emission, achieving optically-induced transparency,
and enhancing sensitivity of microcavity-based bio-, stress- and
rotation-sensors. Recent advances in material science and nano-fabrication
techniques make possible the realization of optimally-tuned PMs for cavity
quantum electrodynamic experiments, classical and quantum information
processing, and sensing.Comment: A review book chapter: 29 pages, 19 figure
Sustainable polyethylene fabrics with engineered moisture transport for passive cooling
Polyethylene (PE) has emerged recently as a promising polymer for incorporation in wearable textiles owing to its high infrared transparency and tuneable visible opacity, which allows the human body to cool via thermal radiation, potentially saving energy on building refrigeration. Here, we show that single-material PE fabrics may offer a sustainable, high-performance alternative to conventional textiles, extending beyond radiative cooling. PE fabrics exhibit ultra-light weight, low material cost and recyclability. Industrial materials sustainability (Higg) index calculations predict a low environmental footprint for PE fabrics in the production phase. We engineered PE fibres, yarns and fabrics to achieve efficient water wicking and fast-drying performance which, combined with their excellent stain resistance, offer promise in reducing energy and water consumption as well as the environmental footprint of PE textiles in their use phase. Unlike previously explored nanoporous PE materials, the high-performance PE fabrics in this study are made from fibres melt spun and woven on standard equipment used by the textile industry worldwide and do not require any chemical coatings. We further demonstrate that these PE fibres can be dry coloured during fabrication, resulting in dramatic water savings without masking the PE molecular fingerprints scanned during the automated recycling process
Sustainable polyethylene fabrics with engineered moisture transport for passive cooling
Polyethylene (PE) has emerged recently as a promising polymer for incorporation in wearable textiles owing to its high infrared transparency and tuneable visible opacity, which allows the human body to cool via thermal radiation, potentially saving energy on building refrigeration. Here, we show that single-material PE fabrics may offer a sustainable, high-performance alternative to conventional textiles, extending beyond radiative cooling. PE fabrics exhibit ultra-light weight, low material cost and recyclability. Industrial materials sustainability (Higg) index calculations predict a low environmental footprint for PE fabrics in the production phase. We engineered PE fibres, yarns and fabrics to achieve efficient water wicking and fast-drying performance which, combined with their excellent stain resistance, offer promise in reducing energy and water consumption as well as the environmental footprint of PE textiles in their use phase. Unlike previously explored nanoporous PE materials, the high-performance PE fabrics in this study are made from fibres melt spun and woven on standard equipment used by the textile industry worldwide and do not require any chemical coatings. We further demonstrate that these PE fibres can be dry coloured during fabrication, resulting in dramatic water savings without masking the PE molecular fingerprints scanned during the automated recycling process.The textile industry is one of the largest polluters. Here the authors show that polyethylene is a sustainable alternative textile with water wicking and fast-drying performance. The fabrication of polyethylene fabrics is compatible with standard equipment and could be dry-coloured, further reducing water consumption
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ
Introduction. Difficulties in determining the compression of the neurovascular bundle with the thoracic outlet syndrome raises the question of finding an accessible and reproducible method for the neuroimaging of the brachial plexus and surrounding tissues.Purpose of the study β to develop an ultrasound diagnostic algorithm using a stress test to determine the level and cause of brachial plexus compression in comparison with the results of a clinical assessment.Materials and methods. 111 patients with verified compression of the brachial plexus at the level of the interstitial (65.7 %) and bone-clavicular space (21.6 %), as well as the tendon of the pectoralis minor muscle (12.6 %) were examined. The study protocol including the Adson ultrasound stress test, the assessment of the lower trunk in the interstitial space, and the test with ultrasound evaluation of the axillary artery at the level of the tendon of the pectoralis minor muscle with passive abduction of the arm back and up was used.Conclusion. An ultrasound study of the brachial plexus demonstrated informativeness in assessing the level and possible cause of compression, which opens up the possibility of using the method in routine neurological practice.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎ-Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 111 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (65,7 %) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΊΠ° (21,6 %), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡΡ (12,6 %). ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅ΡΡ
.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΊΠ° (p <0,05). ΠΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π‘7. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² 3 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ / ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅
Π‘ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ: ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
We report a 40-year-old woman presented with consciousness disturbance, ataxia, asymmetrical limb weakness, hyperreflexia. Due to magnetic resonance imaging findings, the patient was diagnosed with Bickerstaffβs brainstem encephalitis overlapped with acute transverse myelitis. Later she developed distal muscles atrophy and the electroneuromyographic study revealed axonal motor neuropathy, therefore acute motor axonal neuropathy was diagnosed. The patient underwent one course of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy with the regression of symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging changes. Nine months after symptoms onset, the patient has completely recovered. This overlapping case of Bickerstaffβs brainstem encephalitis, acute transverse myelitis and acute motor axonal neuropathy provides further support that these conditions are part of the same spectrum.Β ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°- ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ c ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡcΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· 9 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π±ΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ.
Single molecule detection from a large-scale SERS-active Au79Ag21 substrate
Detecting and identifying single molecules are the ultimate goal of analytic sensitivity. Single molecule detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS) depends predominantly on SERS-active metal substrates that are usually colloidal silver fractal clusters. However, the high chemical reactivity of silver and the low reproducibility of its complicated synthesis with fractal clusters have been serious obstacles to practical applications of SERS, particularly for probing single biomolecules in extensive physiological environments. Here we report a large-scale, free standing and chemically stable SERS substrate for both resonant and nonresonant single molecule detection. Our robust substrate is made from wrinkled nanoporous Au79Ag21 films that contain a high number of electromagnetic βhot spotsβ with a local SERS enhancement larger than 109. This biocompatible gold-based SERS substrate with superior reproducibility, excellent chemical stability and facile synthesis promises to be an ideal candidate for a wide range of applications in life science and environment protection
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