Contacts with Diasporas and Diaspora Organisations as a Key to a Successful Migrant Integration Policy in the EU

We analyse European Commission and European Parliament documents - directives, communications, conclusions, recommendations - and best practices for EU member states' international projects focusing on migrant integration in both the EU states and the countries of origin. Special emphasis is placed on the role of diasporas and the efforts taken by the EU to involve them in the integration process. We stress the need for a new supranational EU immigration and integration policy, in view of new migration trends and the so-called migrant crisis. The study shows that the EU integration policy is directed towards both migrants and host countries and the countries of origin. Since the early 2010s, the involvement of various diaspora organisations in the implementation of the EU migrant integration policy has significantly increased. An analysis of completed projects shows that diasporas have a potential of becoming a key actor in the EU integration policy. We suggest expanding the list of the objectives of the national integration policy of the EU countries. This may be achieved by boosting efforts to reduce the gap in the socio-economic development of the host countries and the countries of origin, particularly, by promoting multilateral cooperation with diaspora organisations

The usage of geographic information systems for operational epidemiological analysis of influenza incidence in the territory of Rostov-on-Don including mass events

Objective: the assessment of spatial distribution of influenza in the metropolis and creation of the geographic information system (hereinafter – GIS) « Influenza: Rostov-on-Don «, containing data on places of case registration.Materials and methods: statistical data on influenza cases based on primary and final reports, PCR studies were used. Geocoding of addresses was performed using the servers Nominatum and the Satellite. For development of GIS we used free software QGIS version 3.2.2. As the cartographic basis OpenStreetMap community maps were used.Results: construction of variograms («heat maps») revealed the formation of several risk areas («epidemiological spots»), the boundaries of which do not coincide with the boundaries of the administrative districts of the city.Conclusions: the analysis showed that distribution of each of the subtypes of influenza A virus in the territory of Rostov-on-Don in the 2018-2019 season has specific features. We showed that in conditions of the megalopolis the spatial analysis which was carried out without taking into account the administrative boundaries provided more accurate results in comparison with traditional zoning

Features of the level of development of emotional intelligence of medical students

the article presents the results of the cross – sectional study on the determination of the level of emotional intelligence among students of medical Universityв статье представлены результаты одномоментного исследования, посвящённого определению уровня эмоционального интеллекта среди студентов медицинского ВУЗ

PREVALENCE OF HIGH CARCINOGENIC RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA), ST. PETERSBURG AND THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA

Results of the study in three regions of the Russian Federation have shown widespread of high carcinogenic human papillomavirus among patients of dermatovenerological and gynecological profile. Detection of viral DNA in the material from the cervix and urethra ranged from 25,2 (Karelia) to 42,5 (Sakha Republic (Yakutia) per 100 examined patients. In all areas in 2010-2011 first place was occupied by 16-th virus genotype - from 11,5 (Sakha Republic (Yakutia) to 15,9 (St. Petersburg) per 100 patients. Prevalence of 11 other types differs. In the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) the second rank place was occupied by types 31 and. 51 (8,0 per 100 examined patients), in St. Petersburg - by 56 and 31 types (9,7 and. 7,6 per 100 patients). Age risk group contains patients of the age of 20-29 years. Information on circulating genotypes of the virus is a necessary part of surveillance to validate vaccination against human papillomavirus infection and evaluation of its efficiency

Litsa uranium ore occurrence (Arctic zone of the Fennoscandian Shield): new results of petrophysical and geochemical studies

Mineralogical, petrophysical and geochemical studies have been carried out to determine the sequence and formation conditions of uranium mineralization within the Litsa ore occurrence (Kola Region). Mineralogical studies show the following formation sequence of ore minerals: uraninite – sulfides – uranophane, coffinite, pitchblende. Two stages of uranium mineralization are distinguished: Th-U (1.85-1.75 Ga) and U (400-300 Ma). The distribution of physical properties of rocks in the area is consistent with the presence of two temporal stages in the formation of mineralization with different distribution and form of uranium occurrence in rocks. The factors that reduce rock anisotropy are the processes of migmatization and hydrothermal ore mineralization, which heal pores and cracks. Fluid inclusions in quartz studied by microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy contain gas, gas-liquid and aqueous inclusions of different salinity (1.7-18.4 wt.% NaCl-eq.). According to homogenization temperatures of inclusions in liquid phase, the temperature of the Paleoproterozoic and Paleozoic stages of uranium mineralization at the Litsa ore occurrence is ~ 300 and 200 °С, respectively. Correlations of the spatial distribution of elastic anisotropy index with an elevated radioactive background allow using this petrophysical feature as one of the prognostic criteria for uranium and complex uranium mineralization when carrying out uranium predictive work

Клинические и эпидемиологические особенности кори у взрослых в современный период

Positive results have been achieved during the implementation of the measles elimination program in the Russian Federation and in the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD). However, measles remains an urgent problem for some regions due to the peculiarities of this infection.Purpose of the work: to characterize the clinical, epidemiological and molecular genetic characteristics of measles in adults during the period of increasing incidence in St. Petersburg.Materials and methods: the incidence of measles in the Northwestern Federal District was analyzed in 2006–2020, and the data of 30 patients of S.P. Botkin clinical infectious diseases hospital over 18 years old (2018). The diagnosis of measles is confirmed by enzyme immunoassay. Molecular genetic studies (PCR, sequencing) were carried out at the National Scientific and Methodological Center for the Surveillance of Measles and Rubella of G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, biological material was used (nasopharyngeal washings, urine).Results: there was an increase in morbidity in some regions of the Northwestern Federal District in conditions of high coverage of the population with measles vaccinations. In the age structure in 2018–2019 the proportion of adults was 65%. 74% of patients were not vaccinated against measles. A moderate-severe course (100%) was noted, regardless of the genotypes of the virus. Clinical manifestations were characterized by febrile, catarrhal and exanthema syndrome. Diarrhea was found in 36,7% of patients, hepatomegaly in 43.4%, and an increase in transaminases in 87%. 66,7% of patients traveled outside St. Petersburg. The genotypes of the virus were identified: B3 Kabul and B3 Dublin of African origin, D8 Girsomnath of Indian origin.Conclusions: measles remains an urgent problem, in recent years, adults prevail among patients, both local and imported cases are recorded. The clinical course of the disease may be accompanied by intestinal complications and other symptoms that make it difficult to diagnose at the prehospital stage. The use of molecular genetic methods makes it possible to identify the pathogen, assess the identity of viral isolates, and improve the epidemiological surveillance of the infection.В период реализации программы элиминации кори в Российской Федерации и на территории Северо-Западного федерального округа достигнуты позитивные результаты. Однако корь остается актуальной проблемой для некоторых регионов в связи с особенностями этой инфекции.Цель: охарактеризовать клинико-эпидемиологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности кори у взрослых в период подъема заболеваемости в Санкт-Петербурге.Материалы и методы: проанализирована заболеваемость корью на территории Северо-Западного федерального округа в 2006–2020 гг. и данные 30 пациентов Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина старше 18 лет (2018 г.). Диагноз кори подтвержден с помощью иммуноферментного анализа. Молекулярно-генетические исследования (ПЦР, секвенирование) проводились в Национальном научно-методическом центре по надзору за корью и краснухой Московского научно-исследовательского института эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского, использован биологический материал (назофаренгиальные смывы, моча).Результаты: отмечался рост заболеваемости в некоторых регионах Северо-Западного федерального округа в условиях высоких показателей охвата населения прививками против кори. В возрастной структуре в 2018–2019 гг. удельный вес взрослых составил 65%. В 74% пациенты не были привиты против кори. Отмечалось среднетяжелое течение (100%), независимо от генотипов вируса. Клинические проявления характеризовались лихорадочным, катаральным синдромами и синдромом экзантемы. У 36,7% пациентов выявлена диарея, у 43,4% – гепатомегалия, у 87% – повышение трансаминаз. Выезжали за пределы Санкт-Петербурга 66,7% пациентов. Выявлены генотипы вируса: B3 Kabul и B3 Dublin африканского, D8 Girsomnath индийского происхождения.Выводы: корь остается актуальной проблемой, в последние годы среди больных преобладают взрослые, регистрируются как местные, так и завозные случаи. Клиническое течение заболевания может сопровождаться кишечными осложнениями и другими симптомами, затрудняющими диагностику на догоспитальном этапе. Применение молекулярно-генетических методов позволяет выявлять возбудителя, проводить оценку идентичности вирусных изолятов и совершенствовать эпидемиологический надзор за инфекцией.

ХРОНИЧЕСКИЕ ВИРУСНЫЕ ГЕПАТИТЫ, ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ И ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЯ КАК СОЧЕТАННЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ: ОТ ТЕОРИИ К ПРАКТИКЕ

With the aim of improving the system of epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of the most significant and socially determined co-infections, carried out the epidemiological analysis of viral hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis and HIV infection who were registered in the Clinical infectious hospital named. S. P. Botkin in the beginning of this century (17-year period). Examined 707 patients. The comparison carried out between the three groups of patients co-infected identified in 1998–2001 year (period I, 128 patients), 2008– 2011 year (period II, 334 patients) and in 2013–2014 (period III, 245 patients). The proportion of patients with acute viral hepatitis in the first period was 24.2%, and the second and third periods, their share declined to 0,6% and 0,4%. Among the chronic viral hepatitis in the first and second periods were dominated by chronic viral hepatitis C (of 28,1 and 39,8%), and in the third period came to dominate the hepatitis caused by combination viruses B and C (58,8 per cent). Symptoms of liver damage and the activity of enzymes in patients co-infected testified to the increase in the number of cases of cirrhosis of this body and served morphological studies, the prevalence of liver cirrhosis increased more than 4 times, from 8,6% (first period) to 26,9% (period III). Changes of tuberculosis, showed a significant increase in the share of common forms of tuberculosis, including disseminated tuberculosis of the lungs from 19,5% to 57,6% (3 times), and lymph system, including tuberculosis of lymphatic nodes of the chest from 3,1% (period I) to 27,8% (period II). The main changes in patients with co-infection was associated with HIV, whose share increased from 10,0% of (period I) to 91,8% (period III). The mortality of patients co-infected increased from 11,7 to 34,7% (3 times).С целью совершенствования системы эпидемиологического надзора и мониторинга наиболее значимых и социально обусловленных сочетанных инфекций проведен эпидемиологический анализ хронических вирусных гепатитов В и С, туберкулеза и ВИЧ-инфекции, которые были зарегистрированы в Клинической инфекционной больнице им. С.П. Боткина в начале текущего столетия (17-летний период). Обследовано 707 больных. Сравнение проведено между тремя группами больных сочетанной инфекцией, выявленных в 1998–2001 гг. (I период, 128 больных), в 2008–2011 гг. (II период, 334 больных) и в 2013–2014 гг. (III период, 245 больных). Доля больных с острыми вирусными гепатитами в первый период составила 24,2%, а во второй и третий периоды их доля снизилась до 0,6% и 0,4%. Среди хронических вирусных гепатитов в первом и втором периодах наблюдения преобладал хронический вирусный гепатит С (28,1 и 39,8%), а в третьем периоде стал доминировать гепатит, вызванный комбинацией вирусов В и С (58,8%). Симптомы поражения печени и активность цитолитических ферментов у больных сочетанной инфекцией свидетельствовали о нарастании числа случаев цирроза этого органа, а по данным морфологических исследований, доля лиц с циррозами печени увеличилась более чем в 4 раза: с 8,6% (I период) до 26,9% (III период). Изменения, касающиеся туберкулеза, характеризовались значительным увеличением доли распространенных форм туберкулеза, включая диссеминированный туберкулез легких с 19,5% до 57,6% (в 3 раза), и поражением лимфатической системы, в том числе и туберкулез внутригрудных лимфатических узлов с 3,1% (I период) до 27,8% (II период). Основные изменения у больных сочетанной инфекцией были ассоциированы с ВИЧ, удельный вес которых увеличился с 10,0% (I период) до 91,8% (III период). Летальность больных сочетанной инфекцией возросла с 11,7 до 34,7% (в 3 раза)