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Akutna toksiÄnost veterinarskih i poljoprivrednih formulacija organofosfata diklorvosa i diazinona u piliÄa
Formulation components of organophosphate insecticidal preparations might affect their toxic action in animals. The objective of this study was to examine and compare the acute toxicity and cholinesterase inhibition in seven to 14-day-old chicks dosed orally with dichlorvos and diazinon in standard veterinary and agricultural formulations. The acute (24 h) oral median lethal doses (LD50) of the formulations were determined using the up-and-down method. Respective LD50 of dichlorvos of the veterinary and agricultural formulations in chicks were 11.1 mg kg-1 and 6.51 mg kg-1 and those of diazinon 6.4 mg kg-1 and 6.7 mg kg-1. Plasma and brain cholinesterase activities were measured by electrometry after in vivo and in vitro exposure to organophosphates. The chicks showed signs of cholinergic toxicosis within one hour of dosing. Dichlorvos (8 mg kg-1) and diazinon (4 mg kg-1) in the veterinary and agricultural formulation signifi cantly reduced both plasma and brain cholinesterase activities in the chicks. The veterinary formulation of dichlorvos reduced plasma ChE by 60 % and agricultural by 40 % and brain ChE by 93 % and 87 %, respectively. In contrast, ChE inhibition by diazinon in the agricultural formulation of diazinon was stronger than by the veterinary formulation; 72 % vs. 64 % in plasma and 97 % vs. 80 % in the brain, respectively. The highest in vitro inhibitions were observed with dichlorvos in the agricultural formulation (50 %) in the brain samples and with diazinon in the agricultural formulation (52 %) in the plasma samples. While they exist, differences between formulations cannot be taken as a rule and further investigations should inventory the toxicity of standard veterinary and agricultural organophosphate formulations in addition to the known data for pure forms.Sastojci formulacija mogu djelovati na toksiÄnost organofosfatnih insekticidnih pripravaka u životinja. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio ispitati i usporediti akutnu inhibiciju kolinesteraza u piliÄa starih 7 do 14 dana koji su na usta primili organofosfatne insekticide diklorvos i diazinon u odgovarajuÄim formulacijama za veterinarsku odnosno poljoprivrednu primjenu. DvadesetÄetverosatna akutna letalna doza (LD50) diklorvosa bila je 11,1 mg kg-1 u veterinarskim odnosno 6,51 mg kg-1 u poljoprivrednim formulacijama, a diazinona 6,4 mg kg-1 odnosno 6,7 mg kg-1. Do kolinergiÄke toksikoze u piliÄa doÅ”lo je jedan sat nakon primjene. Nakon izlaganja organofosfatima in vivo i in vitro izmjerena je aktivnost kolinesteraza u plazmi i mozgu s pomoÄu elektrometrije. Oralne doze diklorvosa (8 mg kg-1) odnosno diazinona (4 mg kg-1) putem veterinarskih odnosno poljoprivrednih formulacija znaÄajno su smanjile aktivnost kolinesteraza u plazmi i mozgu piliÄa. In vitro su takoÄer oba organofosfata inhibirala aktivnost kolinesteraza, bez obzira na formulaciju. Poljoprivredna formulacija diklorvosa izazvala je najjaÄu inhibiciju (50 %) u mozgu piliÄa, dok je poljoprivredna formulacija diazinona najjaÄe inhibirala (52 %) aktivnost u plazmi. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da razliÄite formulacije organofosfatnih insekticida mogu dovesti do razliÄita otrovanja i razliÄito djelovati na kolinesteraznu aktivnost u mozgu i plazmi