Analysis of the Anthrax Morbidity Rate in the Russian Federation in 2011, and Prognosis for 2012

Carried out is the analysis of epidemiological situation on anthrax in 2011, both in the Russian Federation and around the world. The results of the analysis bear evidence of the fact that in the constituent units of the federal districts of Southern Russia and Siberia anthrax morbidity in humans will be retained at the annual average level (characteristic of the recent decade) - ranging from 1 to 20 cases of the disease

Evaluation of Anthrax Morbidity Rate in 2012, Prognosis for 2013

Evaluated are epidemiological and epizootiological situations on anthrax in the Russian Federation and around the world in 2012. Displayed is the morbidity rate prognosis for 2013

Insulin resistance and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Pathogenetic and therapeutic crossroads

Insulin resistance, which is a fundamental pathogenetic factor of prediabetes, is closely associated with abdominal obesity on the one hand and the development of cardiovascular diseases, heart failure (HF), on the other. The pathogenetic role of insulin resistance is multifaceted and consists in the acceleration of atherosclerosis, the formation of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, including through mechanisms that do not depend on blood pressure, as well as the development of its diastolic dysfunction. The latter is the starting point for starting HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Compared with patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, the presence of HFpEF determines a higher frequency of hospitalizations not due to decompensation of heart failure, but due to concomitant diseases, such as destabilization of the course of arterial hypertension, decompensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus, curation of which, in general, has a greater impact in terms of improving prognosis. Thus, in patients with prediabetes and HFpEF, the correction of insulin resistance as the underlying cause and trigger of cardiometabolic disorders can potentially improve not only insulin-glucose homeostasis, but also the parameters of myocardial diastolic function. This literature review is devoted to the accumulated experience of using metformin as a «strategic» antidiabetic drug in HFpEF and considering potential new points of its application as a protector of the cardiovascular system

Factors Determining the Three-Year Dynamics of Lipid Metabolism Indicators in Residents of a Large Industrial Region of Siberia

Aim. To assess the contribution of traditional and socio-economic factors to the development and dynamics of dyslipidemia based on the results of an epidemiological study in a large region of Siberia.Material and methods. Clinical and epidemiological prospective study of the population 35-70 years old was carried out. At the basic stage, 1600 participants were examined, including 1124 women and 476 men, the prospective stage included 807 respondents (the response was 84.1%). A survey was carried out to find out the state of health (presence of diseases, taking medications), socio-economic status (level of education and income, marital status) and the presence of behavioral risk factors (tobacco and alcohol use).Results. The proportion of people with hypercholesterolemia increased 1.2 times, low LDL – 1.1 times, and hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL – 1.7 times. In persons with hypertriglyceridemia, the frequency of detected obesity and hypertension decreased by 7.9% and 4.6%, respectively (p = 0.046). Obesity was associated with an increased risk of developing hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.49, CI: 1.0-2.2), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.14, CI: 1.5-3.0), high LDL cholesterol (OR = 2.16, CI: 1.3-3.6) and low HDL cholesterol (OR = 2.07, CI: 1.5-2.9). The presence of hypertension - with an increased risk of developing hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.19, CI: 1.5-3.1) and low HDL (OR = 2.49, CI: 1.8-3.5). Among people with low HDL levels, the number of smokers and drinkers decreased (by 7.0% and 5.7%, respectively), as well as those with obesity by 8.6%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia increased in all socioeconomic groups.Conclusion. Over 3 years of follow-up, there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of persons with dyslipidemia in all socio-economic groups. There was a significant decrease in such risk factors as obesity, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption and an increase in the number of respondents taking lipid-lowering therapy

Sex and age specificities of the dynamics of anthropometric indicators characterizing obesity (according to a prospective epidemiological research)

Background. Overweight and obesity significantly increase the risk of premature death and the development of chronic diseases. Many anthropometric indices have been developed to verify obesity, although the best among them still remains undetermined.The aim. To determine the sex and age specificities of the dynamics of anthropometric indicators characterizing obesity.Materials and methods. The program was implemented in the period from 2015 to 2020. It provided for the implementation of a sample research. The baseline research included 1,124 women and 476 men. The average age was 54.9 ± 9.75 years and 52.6 ± 10.0 years, respectively. To identify gender specificities, all participants were divided into three age groups: 35–49 years old, 50–59 years old, and 60–70 years old. The observation period was 3 years. To determine the level of visceral fat, the VS-532 fat mass analyzer (Tanita Health Equipment HK Ltd., Hong Kong) was used. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip index (WV/HV), visceral obesity index (VOI) were also calculated. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the program Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).Results. New cases of obesity developed in 30.6 % of the surveyed. There was an increase in the prevalence of obesity according to the criteria of WV (by 8.9 %) and VFL (by  5.4  %) and a  decrease in the number of people who are obese according to WV/HV – by 4.2 %. Of all the indicators, only VOI showed a statistically significant decrease in the mean values over the observed period, while BMI, WV and VFL showed an increase.Conclusions. It is necessary to apply various criteria for the diagnosis of obesity, since individual indices are not able to fully reflect the gender and age specificities of the distribution of fat in the bod

Anthrax: Epidemiological and Epizootiological Situation in 2015, Prognosis for 2016

Outlined are the results of assessment of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on anthrax across the globe in 2015. Three human cases of cutaneous anthrax were registered in the Russian Federation. Detected were two epizootic foci with three cases of live-stock animal disease. 1-20 cases of anthrax in humans are forecasted in the Russian Federation in 2016. Adverse as regards anthrax situation is created in a number of near and far abroad counties. The highest morbidity rates among animals and humans are reported from Asian and African countries. Discussed are the results of investigation into the blunder of the US Department of Defense laboratory system, resulted in distribution of ineffectively decontaminated samples of anthrax agent to the US laboratories, as well as of other states within the past twenty years

Epidemiological and Epizootiological Situation on Anthrax in 2014, and Prognosis for 2015

Presented are the results of analysis of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on anthrax across the Russian Federation and around the world in 2014. Anthrax morbidity rates in Russia have increased as compared to the previous year, but have not exceeded the range of annual variations within the past decade. Three foci of animal infection have been detected here. Unfavorable, as regards anthrax, situation has developed in the CIS countries and the territories beyond. In Europe the cases of deliveries of meat and meat products contaminated with anthrax agent to retail store network have taken place. 1 to 20 cases of anthrax among the population are forecasted in Russia for 2015

The Review of Anthrax Situation 2013, the Forecast for 2014

The analysis of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on anthrax in the Russian Federation and in the world in 2013 is carried out. The forecast of disease for 2014 is presented. Anthrax morbidity in humans in Russia is shown to decrease in 2013 in comparison with that in 2012 (2 cases versus 12). Three anthrax cases are registered in cattle

The first and only combination of basal and prandial insulin analogs degludec and aspart: the position of Russian endocrinologists

Insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus is the most effective way to control glycemia with the progression of the disease and the ineffectiveness of other sugar-lowering drugs. At the same time, the existing limitations of traditional insulin preparations, along with increasing attention to the individualized treatment of this disease, are pushing developers to create drugs that most closely reproduce the effect of natural human insulin. In this regard, the appearance of a combination of insulin analogs, the action profile of which practically imitates insulin secretion by a healthy pancreas, presents new possibilities in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Insulin degludec / insulin aspart (IDegAsp, Ryzodeg®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark) is the first and only soluble combination preparation containing 70% of the ultra-long-acting insulin analogue degludec and 30% of the ultra-short-acting insulin analogue aspart in one injection, which meets the need for both basal and prandial insulin. The combined drug has nothing in common with traditional mixed insulin preparations (both human and analog) and provides doctors and patients with significant advantages over the latter. The article presents the position of Russian experts-diabetologists with extensive experience in the use of IDegAsp regarding the role and place of the drug in real clinical practice. Data from real clinical practice confirm that IDegAsp is a reasonable choice for starting and intensifying insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus when basal and prandial glycemic control is required. The use of the drug is most appropriate in patients who are on basal, biphasic, basal-plus/basal-bolus regimens and who do not achieve the goals of glycemic control during prior therapy. One of the leading reasons for choosing IDegAsp may also be a lower risk of developing hypoglycemia compared to insulin analogues of previous generations — biphasic insulin aspart and basal insulin glargine 100 U/ml. In addition, IDegAsp is a simple, flexible and safe insulin therapy for patients on premix therapy and basal-plus/basis-bolus regimens who require basal and prandial glycemic control. IDegAsp is a simple, flexible and safe insulin therapy. The greatest benefit of this drug use can be obtained by patients for whom adherence to a complex therapy regimen is difficult (the elderly, with cognitive impairment, after a stroke, with dementia), as well as patients who have an active lifestyle, accompanied by irregular food intake. It is important to note that since January 1, 2021, there is no need for a decision by a special medical commission to prescribe (IDegAsp) Ryzodeg®. This fact, as well as a significant price reduction at the end of 2020, opens up broader prospects for using the drug in the routine practice of a Russian endocrinologist

Construction and Approval of the Test-System for the Detection of Antibodies to Anthrax Agent Using Indirect Fluorescent Immunoassay

Constructed and validated has been the test-system for the detection of antibodies to anthrax agent using indirect fluorescent immunoassay. The panel consists of antigen preparation, positive control sample, negative control, and FITS-labeled rabbit antibodies. Studied have been 10 acapsular B. anthracis strains with different plasmid content and colony morphology. B. anthracis vaccine strain STI-1 is demonstrated to be the optimal one as antigen preparation. Sensitivity of this test-system is not less than 1:40, the working dilution of FITC-conjugate being 1:16. Specificity of the panel has been studied using 100 sera of healthy donors. Approved is 100 % reproducibility of the technique at different time intervals, as well as when carried by different specialists. The test-system allows for confirmation of anthrax diagnosis in humans