Startup characteristics of plasmatron gasoline reformers

The startup characteristics of plasmatron reformers with gasoline fuel for the generation of hydrogen rich gas is discussed. A brief set of experiments has been carried out at a single fuel and air flow rate. The air/fuel mixture preparation, especially the implications of the gasoline vaporization, has been modeled using a CFD code. I

In-Cylinder Laminar Flame Propagation Speed: Effect of Hydrogen And Hydrogen Rich Gas Addition

In this paper, the implication of various grades of hydrogen rich gas on the in-cylinder flame speed, and on the knock propensity, are discussed. The laminar flame propagation speed of methane with various grades of hydrogen-rich gas addition has been calculated. The effect of adding hydrogen, hydrogen rich gas from an ideal reformer (synthesis gas), as well as that from a non-catalytic plasmatron fuel reformer has been determined. The model has been used for stoichiometric as well as lean combustion. The effect of including the enthalpy of the reformate on the both the flame speed and on the propensity to knock has also been considered. A simple formula for the calculation of the flame speed for the case of mixtures of reformate and conventional fuels is proposed and has been tested against experiments at atmospheric pressure with hydrogen enriched flames. 1

Benchmarking of Alcohol Chemical Kinetic Mechanism for Laminar Flame Speed Calculations

Methanol and ethanol have been investigated as very high octane fuels for knock control/avoidance in spark ignition engines. Direct injection of the alcohol results in substantial cooling of the cylinder charge, decreasing the chemical kinetic rates that result in autoignition. However, decreasing the temperature of the cylinder charge also affects the initial flame propagation. The purpose of this paper is to benchmark the Marinov mechanism developed for ethanol oxidation when used for methanol, and to compare it with the Li mechanism developed for methanol. Flame speeds from the chemical kinetics model are compared with published experimental results for both methanol and ethanol. Methanol is a very attractive fuel for operation in spark ignited engines [Nichols, Reed, George, O’Blenes, West, Brusstar]. Although toxic, it is being used today in most automotive applications as a fluid for windshield washer, which instead of being burned is actually sprayed onto the roadway

Spark: The Key to Their Success

This study looks at what motivates students to chose a particular yoga studio in the San Luis Obispo area. The four flows of organizational communication were applied to discover what allows yoga studios to be successful. The study will uncover the research question: Using the four flows of organizational communication, why do students attend Spark Yoga over other studios in the San Luis Obispo area? Surveys and interviews were conducted to collect data in order to answer the research question. Overall, the findings showed that students attend Spark yoga over other studios in the area due to strong word of mouth advertising, satisfaction with classes offered, innovative teaching styles, and a convenient location. Therefore, Spark must continue to grow their business and attract new members by appealing to Cal Poly students

Bloch oscillations of Path-Entangled Photons

We show that when photons in N-particle path entangled |N,0> + |0,N> state undergo Bloch oscillations, they exhibit a periodic transition between spatially bunched and antibunched states. The transition occurs even when the photons are well separated in space. We study the scaling of the bunching-antibunching period, and show it is proportional to 1/N.Comment: An error in figure 1b of the original manuscript was corrected, and the period $\lambda_B$ was redefine