0–3 éves korú csecsemők és kisdedek táplálkozási szokásainak felmérése, különös tekintettel a makro- és mikronutriens-bevitelre = Nutrition assessment of 0–3-year-old infants and toddlers with particular focus on macro- and micronutrient intake

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: Az elmúlt időszakban megjelent kutatási eredmények alátámasztják azt a feltételezést, hogy a felnőttkori krónikus betegségek kialakulását jelentősen befolyásolja a méhen belüli tápanyag-ellátottság és a kisdedkorban folytatott táplálás és táplálkozás. Célkitűzés: A vizsgálat célja a hazai 0–3 éves csecsemők, kisdedek táplálkozási szokásainak felmérése, illetve a csecsemő- és kisdedkorú gyermekek táplálkozását a leginkább jellemző problémák feltárása, a táplálási/táplálkozási ajánlások módosításához, korszerűsítéséhez szükséges adatok megismerése, szolgáltatása volt. Módszer: A vizsgálat a Magyar Dietetikusok Országos Szövetségének szakmai koordinálásával, iparági kutatás keretében valósult meg 2015. június és augusztus között, Budapest, Debrecen, Győr, Szeged és Pécs városainak 0–3 éves populációja körében. A felmérés antropometriai mérésekkel és validált háromnapos táplálkozási naplóval történt. Eredmények: A 4–12 hónapos (n = 220) csecsemők 18,6%-a 10 percentilis alatti értékkel rendelkezett, 10% 85–97 percentilis közé esett, míg 3% meghaladta a 97 percentilist. A 12–24 hónapos (n = 227) gyermekek 15%-a 10 percentilis alatti testtömegindexszel (BMI) rendelkezett (sovány), 14% BMI-je 85–97 percentilis közé esett (túlsúlyos), és 2,6% a 97 percentilist meghaladó BMI-vel rendelkezett (elhízott). A 25–36 hónapos gyermekek (n = 184) 70%-ának normál-BMI-je volt, 4%-uk túlsúlyos, 2%-uk elhízott, 24%-uk sovány volt. Míg a hazai referenciaérték alapján a felmérésben részt vevő 4–12 hónapos gyerekek 10,9%-a, az 1–2 évesek 20%-a, a 2–3 évesek 47%-a a magas fehérjebeviteli tartományba esett, addig a 2013-ban kiadott EFSA- (Európai Élelmiszerbiztonsági Hatóság) ajánlás referenciaértékeihez viszonyítva viszont a vizsgált gyerekek 100%-a a magas fehérjebeviteli csoportba tartozik minden korcsoportban. Következtetés: Bár a makro- és mikronutrienseknek a WHO/FAO/UNU által 2007-ben megadott beviteli értékein alapuló, 2013-as EFSA-ajánlás meghatározza az ajánlott beviteli mennyiségeket, a mintában felmért eredmények annak teljes körű megbízhatóságát nem támasztották alá. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(50): 1990–1998. | Abstract: Introduction: Recent research findings support the assumption that the development of chronic diseases in adults is greatly influenced by the supply of nutrients in the uterus and the nutrition, nourishment of the early, toddler ages. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional habits of infants and toddlers aged 0–3 in Hungary, and to identify the most typical problems of their nutrition, to get to know and provide the necessary data for the modification and modernization of feeding/nutrition recommendations for infants and young children in Hungary. Method: The study was carried out with the professional coordination of the Hungarian Dietetic Association (MDOSZ) in the framework of industry research between June and August 2015, in the 0–3-year-old population, in the cities Budapest, Debrecen, Győr, Szeged and Pécs. The survey was conducted with anthropometric measurements and validated by three-day dietary log templates. Results: 18.6% of infants aged 4 to 12 months (n = 220) had values below 10th percentile, 10% were between 85–97th percentiles and 3% were above 97th percentile. 15% of children aged 12–24 months (n = 227) had a body mass index (BMI) below 10th percentile (underweight), 14% were between 85–97th percentile (overweight) and 2.6% had BMI over the 97th percentile (obese). 70% of 25–36-month-old children (n = 184) had normal BMI, 4% were overweight, 2% obese, 24% underweight. Based on the Hungarian reference value, 10.9% of the 4–12-month-old children, 20% of the 1–2-year-olds, 47% of the 2–3-year-olds were in high protein intake group. However, compared to the 2013’s reference values of the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) recommendation, 100% of the children belong to the high protein intake group in all age groups. Conclusion: Although the EFSA recommendation – based on the WHO/FAO/UNU macro- and micronutrient intake values in 2007 – defines the recommended intake quantities, the results in the sample did not support its overall reliability. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(50): 1990–1998

Reszinkronizációs készülékkel élő betegek fizikai aktivitásának összehasonlító vizsgálata telemetriás adatok alapján

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: A rendszeres fizikai aktivitás egészségre vonatkozó hatása közismert, azonban több kutatás leírta, hogy szívbetegek számára is nélkülözhetetlen, továbbá az ülő életmódot folytató szívbetegek számára szekunder prevenciós hatását is kimutatták. Célkitűzés: Jelen tanulmányunk célja annak meghatározása volt, hogy a szívelégtelen betegek esetében telemetriás úton kapott physical activity százalékos érték miként alakítható át MET-értékre, amellyel az egyén fizikai aktivitás során mért oxigénfogyasztása jellemezhető. Módszer: A kutatásban 17 szívelégtelen beteg vett részt, akik közül 3 nő és 14 férfi; életkor 57,35 ± 9,54 év; testtömeg 98,71 ± 9,89 kg; átlagos BMI 36,69 ± 3,67 volt. A fizikai aktivitást jellemző két adatsor felhasználásával lineáris regressziót végeztünk, amelynek során egy matematikai egyenletet kaptunk, így a physical activity százalékérték MET-értékké volt konvertálható. Eredmények: A hatperces sétateszt alatt átlag 416,6 ± 48,2 m-t tettek meg a betegek és a mért MET értékek átlaga 1,85 ± 0,18, a MET heti átlaga 1,12 ± 0,06 volt. Jól kivehető hogy a betegek számára még a 6MWT is egy emelkedett aktivitást jelent a mindennapok aktivitási szintjéhez képest. Következtetés: Módszerünk alkalmazásával a betegek állapotváltozása a reszinkronizációs készülékekbe beépített, fizikai aktivitást mérő mozgásérzékelő adatai alapján, magával az implantált elektronikus eszközzel telemetriásan monitorozható. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(19): 748–753. | Abstract: Introduction: The effect of regular physical activity on health is widely recognized, but several studies have shown its key importance for heart patients. Aim: The present study aimed to define the PA % values, and to convert them into metabolic equivalent values (MET), which describes oxygen consumption during physical activity. Method: A total of seventeen patients with heart disease; 3 females and 14 males; age: 57.35 yrs ± 9.54; body mass 98.71 ± 9.89 kg; average BMI 36.69 ± 3.67 were recruited into the study. The measured values from Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy devices and outer accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+) were studied over a 7-day time period. Using the two sets of values describing physical performance, linear regression was calculated providing a mathematical equation, thus, the Physical Activity values in percentage were converted into MET values. Results: During the 6-minute walk test the patients achieved an average of 416.6 ± 48.2 m. During 6MWT the measured values averaged at 1.85 ± 0.18 MET’s, and MET values averaged at 1.12 ± 0.06 per week. It clearly shows that this test is a challenge for the patients compared to their daily regular physical activity levels. Conclusion: With our method, based on the values received from the physical activity sensor implanted into the resynchronisation devices, changes in patients’ health status could be monitored telemetrically with the assistance from the implanted electronic device. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(17): 748–753

Regulatory activities of Warbugia ugandensis ethanolic extracts on colorectal cancer-specific genome expression dose-dependently

The evaluation of natural biomass sources is a promising strategy in accelerating the development of novel anti-cancer medications. Our study aimed to evaluate the activity of W. ugandensis ethanolic roots and stems extracts on the expression of five targeted genes (COX-2, CASPS-9, Bcl-xL, Bcl2 and 5-LOX) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (Caco-2). Plant extracts were obtained using serial exhaustive extraction and dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide appropriately for bioassay. Caco-2 cell lines were passaged, treated with plant extracts at varying concentrations and their RNA’s isolated for evaluation. Our unique study reports on W. ugandensis as efficient natural inhibitors of CRC growth, by directly linking its phytoconstituents to; downregulation of COX-2, 5-LOX, Bcl-xL, Bcl2 and upregulation of CASPS9 genes dose-dependently. We present W. ugandensis ethanolic roots and stems extracts as promising natural inhibitors for CRC carcinogenesis and recommend in vivo and subsequent clinical trials, with substantial clinical effects postulated. We further suggest studies on identification and characterization of the specific metabolites in W. ugandensis involved in the modulatory mechanisms, resulting to inhibition of CRC growth and possible metastases

Changes in miR-124-1, miR-212, miR-132, miR-134, and miR-155 Expression Patterns after 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Treatment in CBA/Ca Mice

Specific gene and miRNA expression patterns are potential early biomarkers of harmful environmental carcinogen exposures. The aim of our research was to develop an assay panel by using several miRNAs for the rapid screening of potential carcinogens. The expression changes of miR-124-1, miR-212, miR-132, miR-134, and miR-155 were examined in the spleen, liver, and kidneys of CBA/Ca mice, following the 20 mg/bwkg intraperitoneal 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment. After 24 h RNA was isolated, the miRNA expressions were analyzed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared to a non-treated control. DMBA induced significant changes in the expression of miR-134, miR-132, and miR-124-1 in all examined organs in female mice. Thus, miR-134, miR-132, and miR-124-1 were found to be suitable biomarkers for the rapid screening of potential chemical carcinogens and presumably to monitor the protective effects of chemopreventive agents

The Chemopreventive Effects of Polyphenols and Coffee, Based upon a DMBA Mouse Model with microRNA and mTOR Gene Expression Biomarkers

Polyphenols are capable of decreasing cancer risk. We examined the chemopreventive effects of a green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract, polyphenol extract (a mixture of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum), and added resveratrol phytoalexin), Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) extract, and a coffee (Coffea arabica) extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) carcinogen-increased miR-134, miR-132, miR-124-1, miR-9-3, and mTOR gene expressions in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of CBA/Ca mice. The elevation was quenched significantly in the organs, except for miR-132 in the liver of the Chinese bayberry extract-consuming group, and miR-132 in the kidneys of the polyphenol-fed group. In the coffee extract-consuming group, only miR-9-3 and mTOR decreased significantly in the liver; also, miR-134 decreased significantly in the spleen, and, additionally, miR-124-1 decreased significantly in the kidney. Our results are supported by literature data, particularly the DMBA generated ROS-induced inflammatory and proliferative signal transducers, such as TNF, IL1, IL6, and NF-κB; as well as oncogenes, namely RAS and MYC. The examined chemopreventive agents, besides the obvious antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mainly blocked the mentioned DMBA-activated factors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well, and, at the same time, induced PTEN as well as SIRT tumor suppressor genes

An empirical assessment of the factors infuencing acceptance of COVID‑19 vaccine uptake between Kenyan and Hungarian residing populations: A cross‑sectional study

The development of efective, safe, and acceptable vaccines is a long process. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy continues to elicit mixed reactions among diferent quarters despite numerous evidence of their efectiveness. This study aimed to determine the availability and acceptance rates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, among Kenyan and Hungarian residing populations and the underlying reasons contributing to the hesitancy of uptake. A non-probability, snowball sampling design was employed, and a survey questionnaire tool link was expeditiously disseminated. Data were carefully analyzed descriptively. Demographic variables, COVID-19 awareness, possible exposure, reasons associated with hesitancy in taking up a vaccine, choice of a vaccine, and availability of vaccines among other important variables were tested to explore their associations with vaccine acceptance rates between the two distinct countries. A total of 1960 participants were successfully enrolled in the research study, while 67 participants were excluded based on the inclusion criterion set. There was, however, no signifcant diference in COVID-19 public awareness between the Kenyan and Hungarian-residing participants, p = 0.300. Of the respondents, 62.4% were willing and ready to receive vaccines against COVID-19 disease. There was a signifcant diference (p= 0.014) between the Kenyan and Hungarian-residing respondents concerning vaccine uptake and acceptance rates. The vaccine acceptance rates in Hungary were higher than in Kenya, with mean= 0.27, SD= 0.446, S. E= 0.045 for the Hungarian population sample and mean= 0.40, SD= 0.492, S. E= 0.026, for the Kenyan sample respectively. Concerning gender and vaccine acceptance, there was a notable signifcant diference between males and females, p = 0.001, where the mean for males and females were 0.29 and 0.46 respectively. Acceptance rates among males were higher than among females. The functions of One-Way ANOVA and Chi-square were used to establish any signifcant diferences and associations between means and variables respectively. Concerns regarding the safety, efcacy, and accuracy of information about the developed vaccines are signifcant factors that must be promptly addressed, to arrest crises revolving around COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, especially in Kenya and among females in both populations, where acceptance rates were lower. Expansion of the screening program to incorporate antibody (serology) tests, is also highly recommended in the present circumstance. Equitable distribution of vaccines globally should be encouraged and promoted to adequately cover low- and middle-income countries. To enhance efective combat on vaccination hesitancy and apprehension in diferent countries, mitigation techniques unique to those countries must be adopted.</p