Monomeric Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase Induces Insulin Sensitive Obesity

Obesity is associated with macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue, which may link adipose inflammation to insulin resistance. However, the impact of inflammatory cells in the pathophysiology of obesity remains unclear

A family history of type 2 diabetes increases risk factors associated with overfeeding

Aims/hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to test prospectively whether healthy individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes are more susceptible to adverse metabolic effects during experimental overfeeding. Methods: We studied the effects of 3 and 28 days of overfeeding by 5,200 kJ/day in 41 sedentary individuals with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH+ and FH− respectively). Measures included body weight, fat distribution (computed tomography) and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp). Results: Body weight was increased compared with baseline at 3 and 28 days in both groups (p<0.001), FH+ individuals having gained significantly more weight than FH− individuals at 28 days (3.4±1.6 vs 2.2±1.4 kg, p<0.05). Fasting serum insulin and C-peptide were increased at 3 and 28 days compared with baseline in both groups, with greater increases in FH+ than in FH− for insulin at +3 and +28 days (p<0.01) and C-peptide at +28 days (p<0.05). Fasting glucose also increased at both time points, but without a significant group effect (p=0.1). Peripheral insulin sensitivity decreased in the whole cohort at +28 days (54.8±17.7 to 50.3±15.6 μmol min−1 [kg fat-free mass]−1, p=0.03), and insulin sensitivity by HOMA-IR decreased at both time points (p<0.001) and to a greater extent in FH+ than in FH− (p=0.008). Liver fat, subcutaneous and visceral fat increased similarly in the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Overfeeding induced weight and fat gain, insulin resistance and hepatic fat deposition in healthy individuals. However, individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes gained more weight and greater insulin resistance by HOMA-IR. The results of this study suggest that healthy individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes are predisposed to adverse effects of overfeeding.D. Samocha-Bonet, L.V. Campbell, A. Viardot, J. Freund, C.S. Tam, J.R. Greenfield and L.K. Heilbron